INTRODUCTION: Non-invasive ventilation provides ventilation support without the need to establish an artificial airway. It reduces the need for invasive mechanical ventilation, surfactant replacement and oxygen supplementation in preterms. We aimed to compare the success of non-invasive ventilation practices to prevent intubation in very low birth weight preterm infants.
METHODS: Patients who were followed in the third level neonatal intensive care unit between January 2017-2019, who had ≤32 weeks gestation years, who did not need intubation in the delivery room, who had RDS and non-invasive ventilation were included in the study. Patients were divided into two groups: Nasal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (NCPAP) and Nasal intermittent positive pressure ventilation (NIPPV). The primary result; postnatal intubation requirement was determined in the first week. Data were evaluated retrospectively.
RESULTS: A total of 134 patients were included in our study. Of the patients, 85 (63.4%) were in NCPAP and 49 (36.6%) were in NIPPV mode.There were no differences between the groups in terms of birth weight, gestation week, gender, type of delivery. Non-invasive ventilation failure was 40% in the NCPAP group and 53% in the NIPPV group and no significant difference was found between the groups (p = 0.14). The rate of pneumothorax was higher in the NIPPV group and the duration of total mechanical ventilation was lower. There were no significant differences in mid-term morbidities between PDA, IVH, PVL and NEC. The duration of hospitalization was similar.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: In our NCPAP and NIPPV study, the primary result was not superior in preventing intubation.

INTRODUCTION: In our study, we aimed to examine the effect of Lung ultrasonography on prognostic factors (parapneumonic effusion, empyema development, etc.) in patients with a diagnosis of pneumonia who were followed up in the Chest Diseases Clinic and Anesthesia Intensive Care Unit.
METHODS: Fifty patients with a pre-diagnosis of pneumonia and / or pleural effusion were included in our study between 01.01.2017 - 01.06.2018 in the Chest Diseases Department of Van Yüzüncü Yıl University Medical Faculty and in the Anesthesia Intensive Care Unit. The patients were followed up with lung ultrasonography and the factors affecting the prognosis of these cases were examined.
RESULTS: Of the patients included in the study, 16 were female (32%), 34 were male (78%); Their mean age was 60.4 ± 19.4 (15-87). Pleural effusion was detected in 56% of the cases. 28.57% of 28 cases were evaluated as transudate and 71.42% as exudate. Tube thoracoscopy was performed in 4 cases and decortication in 1 case, no patient required fibrinolytic. The mean hospitalization period of the patients was 7.78 ± 5.44 days (min. 2-Max 22).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: As a result of the data obtained in our study, we are of the opinion that lung ultrasonography supports the need for more frequent use in current practice due to its advantages such as high success in interventional procedures, low complication rate, and most importantly, the opportunity to operate at the bedside, especially in intensive care.

INTRODUCTION: Obesity is a serious disease with an increasing frequency, complications occurring in the long term, and high morbidity and mortality. In this study, it was aimed to find the best anthropometric measurement that can help in the early diagnosis of obesity complications and which can be used widely.
METHODS: Body mass index (BMI), waist circumference / hip circumference (WC / HC), fat mass index (FMI), triponderal index (TMI), weight / height (W / H) and waist circumference / height (WC / H) ratios were calculated in obese patients with pubertal stage 4-5 and the correlation between each antropometric measurement and metabolic syndrome score (MSS) were examined.
RESULTS: The study included a total of 65 patients, comprising 41(63.1%) girls and 24(36.9%) boys with a mean age of 14.02±1.62 years. The diagnostic performances of BMI, WC / HC, FMI, TMI, W / H ratios, which were examined in the distinction oof metabolic syndrome, were analyzed separately by ROC analysis. WC / HC ratio in boys, WC and WC / H ratio in girls were significantly determined.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The best anthropometric measurement that can help in the early diagnosis of obesity complications and that can be used widely is the WC / HC ratio in boys and the WC and WC / H ratio in girls.

INTRODUCTION: Background\Aim: Viruses are among the most common causes of acute respiratory tract infections. In this study we aimed to investigate the viral pathogens detected in the nasopharyngeal swab specimens obtained from children in our pediatric ward being followed up due to acute lower respiratory tract infection and to analyse the distribution of the pathogens by age and months.
METHODS: Method: This research was carried out between January 2019-January 2020, 289 patients (44.2% female, 55.7% male) admitted for acute respiratory tract infection were included. Patient records were reviewed retrospectively. Viral agents distribution was analysed according to age, sex and months (seasons/seasonall variation).
RESULTS: Findings: In 117 (40.5%) of 289 patients viruses were not detected (negative) in the respiratory tract, in 172 (59.5%) they were detected (positive). In 148 (86%) patients a single agent, in 22 (12.8%) patients two agents, in 1 (0.6%) patient three agents, in 1 (0.6%) patient four agents were found. The most common virus detected was rinovirüs (HRV) (23.9%), the second most common was found to be respiratory syncytial virus A (RSVA) (16.3%). The most common agent in ages 0-3 was HRV, after 3 years the most common agent was influenza B virüs (IBV). IBV was the most common during the winter, HRV was the most common in the other seasons.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Results: In our study 59.5% of admitted children were found to have at least one respiratory virus. Multiplex PCR is a sensitive and specific method which detects viruses that are undetectable by classical methods, gives results in a shorter time compared to classical methods and also a method in which more than one specimen can be processed at the same time. With a faster method diagnosis of viruses, inappropriate use of antibiotics and development of antibiotic resistance can be prevented.

INTRODUCTION: We aimed to determine serum zinc concentrations and laboratory parameters of Henoch-Schönlein Purpura (HSP) patients and to evaluate the relationship of these parameters with prognosis of disease.
METHODS: We collected data of patients who diagnosed with HSP seen at our Nephrology department between January 2015 and December 2018. We compared white blood cell count, mean platelet volume, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C-reactive protein, and serum zinc concentrations in patients with active HSP from those in remission and controls. We also compared this parameters between with or without organ involvement in HSP patients.
RESULTS: Forty-nine male and 35 female patients with HSP were included. We re-evaluated 37 of these patients who were still being followed up during the remission period. The mean age of the active HSP patients was 8.4 ± 3.7 years. White blood cell count, C-reactive protein, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate were significantly higher in patients with active HSP compared to remission and control groups. (p<0.001). No significant difference was found in plasma zinc concentration between active HSP, remission, and control groups. In addition, zinc and other laboratory parameters were not significantly different between HSP patients with or without organ involvement.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Our findings suggest that zinc supplementation to patients with active Henoch-Schönlein purpura will not be meaningful in terms of the prognosis of the disease. However, more studies are needed to say that zinc supplements are not necessary in Henoch-Schönlein pupura.

INTRODUCTION: This study aims to determine the meaning of life and death anxiety of individuals with chronic disease.


METHODS: The descriptive study included 230 individuals with chronic disease. The data was collected using the introductory questionnaire, the Meaning of Life Scale, and the Templer Death Anxiety Scale.

RESULTS: The mean score on the meaning of Life Scale was 51.86±18.48 (lower dimension of meaning present: 26.83±8.78; lower dimension of meaning attempted to be found: 25.02±10.65) and the mean score on the death anxiety scale was 8.59±2.06.

DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: As a result of the study, it was found that individuals with chronic diseases have high levels of death anxiety. In addition, it was determined that their interpretation of life was positive. Implementation of preventive healthcare services to reduce death anxiety for individuals with chronic diseases may be recommended.

INTRODUCTION: Intracerebral abscess is a health problem that also has a long duration of hospitalization and antibiotic therapy due to the long treatment process after surgery.There are many parameters that can shorten these two periods. The surgical method chosen for abscess excision or aspiration is one of these parameters.In light of our own clinical experience, we compared the method of abscess aspiration with burr-hole accompanied by neuronavigation and the method of abscess excision with craniotomy accompanied by neuronavigation to show the effect of these methods on hospitalization and antibiotic therapy time.
METHODS: 48 intracerebral abscess cases operated using these two methods in the last 10 years were retrospectively examined in our clinic. The data of 16 parameters examined separately for both methods were comparatively revealed and their effect on hospitalization and antibiotic therapy times was investigated.
RESULTS: In the evaluation of the average duration of antibiotic therapies used by patients while they were hospitalized and after their discharge, it was found that this period was 6.62 weeks (46.34 days) in the group of abscess aspiration with burr-hole accompanied by neuronavigation, and 7.56 weeks (52.92 days) in the other group. The duration of hospitalization of patients was 14.62 days on average in the group of abscess aspiration with burr-hole accompanied by neuronavigation, and 19.18 days on average in the other group.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: In contrast to many studies, patients with burr-hole abscess aspiration accompanied by neuronavigation had higher neurological recovery rates after surgery, and hospitalization times and antibiotic therapy times were shorter than the other method.

INTRODUCTION: In this study, it was aimed to obtain data that can help patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) to reduce their cardiovascular disease (CVD) risks. Therefore; in the study, it was aimed to evaluate the knowledge levels of the CVD risk factors, CVD risk levels of RA patients and the clinical data that may be associated with them.
METHODS: 101 patients with RA were included in the study. Demographic characteristics and clinical data of the patients were collected. Pain was evaluated with a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), CVD risk scores with the Framingham Risk Scoring (FRS) system, knowledge levels of CVD risk factors with the "Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors Knowledge Level" (CARRF-KL) scale, and RA long-term disease exposure with the Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ).
RESULTS: The median value of the CARRIF-KL scale score of the participants was 19.0 (Minimum-Maximum: 2-26). There was no relationship between CARRIF-KL scores and researched data. It has been determined that FRS results of the participants are not related to their answers about whether RA creates a risk for CVD, body mass indexes, duration of illness, total cholesterol results and educational status. A relationship was found between the FRS results of the participants and their gender, age, smoking status and hypertension diagnosis status. A positive correlation was found between HAQ scores and pain levels and FRS. A negative correlation was found between HDL cholesterol levels and FRS. A positive correlation was found between systolic and diastolic blood pressure measurements and FRS. Finally; It has been determined that KARRIF-BD results and FRS are not related.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: It was determined that the knowledge levels of the CVD risk factors of RA patients were not sufficient and that the CVD risk levels did not affect the knowledge levels of CVD risk factors. These data show the necessity of applying a CVD information program to RA patients.

INTRODUCTION: A group beta-haemolytic streptococi (AGBHS) are the most common bacterial cause of these infectionms which can be complicated by severe nonsuppurative sequelae, including acut rheumatic fever and glomerulonephritis. Streptococal infections arde hyperendemic in our region.
METHODS: Throat samples were taken from 200 children with symptoms of the upper respiratory tract infection, at the age of 0-10 years, Patients were divided into 0-2, 2-6, 6-10 age groups. 30 children without having upper respiratuary tract complain of 0-6 years were included in the study as control group.
Streptococci strains were identified with conventional methods. Antibiotic sensivitiy was evaluated by the disk diffusion method.

RESULTS: All samples taken, 51 isolated were confirmed as beta haemolytic streptococi (BHS), accounting for 25.5 %of the total in the patient group and control group (5) isolated were BHS (16.7 %). Distribution of isolated positive of BHS among patients of different ages were 28.3%of in 0-21 age group, 27.5 %in 2-6 age group, and 20.0 in 6-10 age group. Of total 51 BHS isolated from patients group, 36 (70.6 %) isolated and 5 (60 %) of the control group were identified as AGBHS. AGBHS among the different age group had a similar distribution pattern with 70.6 %in 0-2 age group, 77.3 %in 2-6 age group, 58.3 %in 6-10 age group, respectively. Prevalance of AGBHS was found 60.6 %in control group.
All isolated were susceptible to penicilin, ampicillin and amoksicillin.Resistance was found to 13.9% erythromycin and 16.7% ofloxacin, respectively.

DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Infection rates and resistance to antibiotics should be investigated periodically.

INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to measure NT levels in serum and BAL fluid to determine the diagnostic and prognostic value of NT in sepsis.
METHODS: This descriptive, cross-sectional study included intensive care patients over the age of 18 who underwent IMV and blood and BAL sampling at admission. Forty-five patients were analyzed retrospectively as those with sepsis and without sepsis
RESULTS: Serum and BAL NT concentrations were statistically significantly higher in patients with sepsis. The diagnostic power of serum and BAL NT were 85.8% and 76.1%, respectively. Serum NT and CRP were found as independent risk factors for sepsis. Using these two biomarkers together yielded a diagnostic value of 93.3%. BAL NT correlated with CPIS. Serum NT level was significantly higher in sepsis patients who developed septic shock than in those who did not.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Serum NT had comparable diagnostic value in sepsis to the widely used biomarker, procalcitonin. Combined use with CRP increases the diagnostic value, specificity, and sensitivity of serum NT in sepsis. Serum NT can also be used as a prognostic indicator and may be predictive of the rapidly developing processes that lead to shock. Despite the lower value of BAL NT for the diagnosis of sepsis, its correlation with clinical pulmonary infection score suggests that it may indicate disease severity in ventilator-associated pneumonia.

INTRODUCTION: Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage is associated with severe morbidity and mortality. In this study, it was aimed to investigate the effect of hemorrhage volume and other known prognostic factors on mortality in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhages.
METHODS: The study was performed retrospectively in patients diagnosed with spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage at a state hospital emergency department between 01/01/2014- 31/12/2019. Ethical approval was obtained from the Local Clinical Research Ethics Committee for the study. Patients' age, gender, systemic disease, antiaggregant or anticoagulant medication use, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), INR, hemorrhage volume, ventricular extension of hemorrhage and location determined by computed tomography (CT), ICH (Intracerebral Hemorrhage) Score, 30-day mortality data were retrospectively assessed for the study.
RESULTS: A total of 55 patients, 26 males (47.27%), 29 females (52.73%) were included in the study. The mean age was detected as 70 ± 13. The 30-day mortality rate was 49.09%. Mortality was significantly higher in patients with ventricular extension of hemorrhage (p <0.001). When subgroup analysis was done, in the group with mortality in supratentorial hemorrhages, the volume of hemorrhage was significantly higher (p <0.001). A moderate to high degree of negative correlation was found between GCS and hemorrhage volume (p <0.001; rho = -0.599). When multivariate analysis of factors predicting mortality was performed, only GCS had an effect on mortality.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Hemorrhage volume is associated with increased mortality in spontaneous intracerebral supratentorial hemorrhages. Lower GCS on admission was associated with mortality in our retrospective cohort study.

INTRODUCTION: Bell's palsy, also known as idiopathic peripheral facial paralysis, is the most common cause of unilateral facial weakness that is not accompanied by any other neurological finding. Although the pathogenesis of Bell palsy is not fully understood, inflammation is thought to play an important role. Neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR), and mean mean platelet volume (MPV), are among the markers used to determination of inflammation. The study aimed to investigate the presence of any clues suggesting inflammatory etiology using NLR, PLR, MPV, and red cell distribution width (RDW) in children with Bell's palsy and to determine whether there was any relationship between these markers and the degree of paralysis.
METHODS: This retrospective study was conducted between January 2018 and January 2020 with 25 children with Bell's palsy and 25 randomly selected healthy controls. Two groups were compared in terms of neutrophil count, NLR, PLR, MPV, and RDW levels.
RESULTS: Mean neutrophil, leukocyte counts, and NLR were statistically significantly higher in patients with Bell Palsy than in the control group (p=0.001, p = 0.016, respectively). However, no significant relationship was found between the NLR elevation and the severity of facial paralysis in the patient group. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of the mean of lymphocyte count, PLR, MPV, and RDW values.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The increase in NLR and neutrophil count in children with Bell palsy supports the inflammatory process thought to be responsible for the etiopathogenesis of this disease.

INTRODUCTION: Celiac disease (CD) is a small bowel malabsorption syndrome that is caused by hypersensitivity to wheat in subjects who have positive HLA haplotypes DQ2 and DQ8. Diverticular disease of the colon (DDC) is saccular dilatations of colon, which is seen mostly in adults older than 40. In this study, we tried to see whether CD is protective for DDC.
METHODS: We identified 114 (57 female; the mean age 58±4.1 years) patients with DDC during the 7-month period from January to October 2018. Age-matched control group (100 subjects; 50 female; the mean age 59±3.4 years) was selected from subjects without DDC.
RESULTS: Among subjects with DDC, only one tested positive for CD serologically (Tissue Transglutaminase - tTTG IgA and G). In control subjects with dyspepsia, 2.8% of subjects tested positive for celiac antibodies. There was a robust difference between groups in terms of TTG Ig A seropositivity (P<0.005, respectively).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The results indicate an inverse relationship between DDC and CD. These data support that lack of celiac antibodies may have a preventive role for developing DDC. The mechanism of presented finding is still unclear. Further research is needed.

INTRODUCTION: Viral hepatitis and HIV are a global health problem causing acute and chronic infections. The aim of this study was to determine the HBsAg, Anti-HBs, Anti-HCV, anti-HAV IgG and Anti-HIV seropositivity rates in clinical samples sent from primary health care centers to Department of Van Public Health.
METHODS: In this study, data obtained from the clinical HBsAg, anti-HBS, anti-HCV, HAV IgG and anti-HIV seroprevalence samples between January 2016 and January 2018 in Van province and its surrounding were retrospectively evaluated. Serum samples were analyzed by Chemiluminescent Microparticle İmmunoassay (CMIA) using Siemens (Advia CP, USA). Chi-square test was used for statistical evaluation of serological data.
RESULTS: A total of 44509 patients were tested for HBsAg, 50183 patients for anti-HBs, 39552 patients for anti-HCV, 37671 patients for anti-HAV IgG and 35084 patients for anti-HIV tests. In this study, seropositivity rate was found as 1.66% in HBsAg, 30.6% in Anti-HBs, 0.27% in Anti-HCV, 48.67% in anti-HAV IgG and 0.005% in Anti-HIV. The highest anti-HBs seropositivity rate was found in patients who were under 15 years and between 15-24 years.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: When compared with the literature, generally HbsAg, anti HBs, anti-HCV, HAV IgG and anti-HIV seroprevalence were found lower than published studies. The most important reason for the low seropositivity rates in this study is that the majority of donors can be considered as the formation of healthy individuals applying to primary health care centers to obtain a health report.

INTRODUCTION: This study aimed to examine the differences between 12 metric swelling evaluation methods in patients undergoing impacted lower third molar surgery.
METHODS: This study was conducted on the patients indicated for the extraction of impacted lower third molar teeth due to orthodontic reasons. Twenty-six patients aged between 18-40 were included in the study. Swelling levels after surgery were measured using anatomic landmarks used for the methods, and the distances between landmarks were measured before the operation, and on days 2 and 7 afterward. The measurements were done using thread and a millimeter ruler while patients were seated. The distances between the anatomical landmarks were evaluated by 12 different methods.
RESULTS: According to the results of the measurements performed on twenty-six patients, (15 male and 11 female) with a mean age of 23.85±6.06 years, male had more swelling than female and the difference was statistically significant (p<0.05) although age, and measurement methods had no significant effect on swelling (p>0.05).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: As a result of the present study; twelve swelling evaluation methods showed significantly similar results and the authors recommended using Method 1 and 5 for convenient clinical evaluation which could be performed with a smaller number of anatomical points.

INTRODUCTION: In this study, we aimed to examine the demographic data of patients underwent cardiopulmonary resuscitation, the causes for resuscitation and to evaluate our resuscitation success rate in patients underwent cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
METHODS: In this retrospective study, patients who underwent resuscitation in the emergency department (ED) between 01.01.2019-31.12.2020 were examined. The patients who died in the emergency room were evaluated as Group-1 and the patients who received ROSC as Group-2. These patients age, gender, chronic disease, time of arrival month and day to the emergency department, admitted conditions to ED, the duration of the resuscitation, forensic case, whether defibrillation is applied to the patient, the patient fate in the ED, time of death, cause of death, the sleeping circulation after cardiopulmonary resuscitation of patients with clinic and hospital stays in the hospital in the last days, the duration of status and laboratory values were evaluated statistically.
RESULTS: It was determined that 72 (23.5%) patients in group 1 and 64 (32.7%) patients in group 2 presented to the emergency service with the highest rate between 12: 01-16: 00. This ratio was significantly different between the groups (p = 0.025). Myocardial infarction was the most common cause of death in patients who died in the hospital and emergency department. While the rate of patients who received ROSC in the emergency department was 39%, the rate of discharge from the hospital was 9.2%.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: In addition to the principles of cardiopulmonary resuscitation, the medical characteristics of resuscitation patients also affect the success of resuscitation in patients.

INTRODUCTION: Many biochemical parameters have been studied in determining the clinical severity of COVID-19 disease. In this study, the effects of NLR, TLR and lymphocyte-CRP ratio on the severity of the disease, the need for intensive care and mortality were investigated in patients diagnosed with COVID-19.
METHODS: COVID-19 patients who were followed up in service and intensive care units and whose diagnosis was confirmed by the laboratory at our hospital between August 1th 2020-1th 2020 were retrospectively screened. Demographic data and laboratory values of the patients were recorded from electronic medical records. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed in terms of mortality and need for intensive care unit treatment.
RESULTS: A thousand seven hundred fifty patients were included in the study. 151 (8.62%) patients needed follow-up in the intensive care unit. While there was a significant difference between the survivor and non-survivor patients in terms of age, neutrophil, lymphocyte, CRP, NLR, lymphocyte CRP ratio, TLR, comorbidity and hospitalization days (for all p <0.05). While there was a significant difference among the patient groups who need and do not need intensive care unit hospitalization in terms of in terms of age, radiological involvement, neutrophil, lymphocyte, CRP, NLR, lymphocyte CRP ratio, TLO, comorbidity and hospitalization days (p <0.05 for all).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to determine risk factors for mortality. In the multiple logistic regression analysis, age, C-Reactive protein, and length of stay hospital were determined as independent risk factors for mortality.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to investigate the clinical and radiological results of exposure to high level of oxygen under high level of atmospheric pressure [Hyperbaric Oxygen (HBO) Therapy] in patients with Ficat Stage 1 and 2a avascular necrosis of the femoral head (AVNFH).
METHODS: A retrospective examination was performed on the patients, who were administered HBO therapy and followed up due to Ficat Stage 1 and 2a AVNFH between February 2016 and November 2019.The Harris Hip Score forms, conventional radiography of the hip, and MRI were analyzed. The Ficat classification was used for grading of the aascular necrosis.
RESULTS: A total of 25 patients with a mean age of 45.4 ± 11.4 years were evaluated. It was observed that the patients were administered an average of 30.4 ± 3.55 (range: 27-47) sessions of HBO therapy within an average of 40.6 ± 5.32 (range: 36-65) days. After the HBO therapy, it was found that the Ficat stage of 11 patients progressed, while the stages of two patients regressed, and seven patients remained stable (p: 0.002). While the mean total Harris Hip Score was 43.82 ± 18.55 before the procedure, it was found to be 78.47 ± 17.05 after the procedure. After the procedure, a statistically significant difference was observed in Harris Hip Scores, VAS and the range of motion measurements compared to the values obtained before the procedure (p<0.001).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: HBO can be suggested as an option to be considered by the clinicians as a supportive treatment method, especially in young patients.

INTRODUCTION: Uterine fibroids are the most common benign tumor of the genital tract among women. Our objective in this study is to evaluate the effect of myoma size on the clinical outcomes of patients by retrospectively examining the files of patients who underwent myomectomy during cesarean section in our clinic.
METHODS: In this study, files of 65 patients who underwent myomectomy during cesarean section in Van Yuzuncu Yil University Gynecology and Obstetrics Clinic between January 2016 and January 2021 were analyzed retrospectively. Patients were divided into 2 groups, according to the size of uterine fibroids, as Group1, consisting of patients with the size of a uterine fibroid of<5 cm, and Group2, consisting of patients with the size of a uterine fibroid of ≥5 cm
RESULTS: There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of age, parity, abortion history, gestational week, preoperative hemoglobin levels, durations of operation, and hospitalization duration. The postoperative hemoglobin value of Group1 was significantly higher than Group2 (10.67±1.34 g/dL and 9.84±1.38 g/dL, respectively; p=0.017).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Our study demonstrates that the amount of bleeding and the need for transfusion increase with the increase in the size of the myoma. We consider that performing myomectomy during CS would assist in reducing the need for myomectomy or hysterectomy in the future. Based on the above-mentioned reasons, the results of our study support cesarean myomectomy in terms of cost-effectiveness.

INTRODUCTION: Traumas are an important cause of mortality in children. Our aim was to evaluate children traumas in need of thorax tube insertion and to determine our priorities for intervention in patients with thoracic trauma score.
METHODS: The files of 78 children who developed pneumothorax and/or hemopneumothorax which also underwent tube thoracostomy between January 2013- September 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Gender, cause and type of trauma, accompanying traumas, clinical, laboratory, hospital stay and The Pediatric Trauma Score(PTS) of the patients were evaluated.Patients who were followed conservatively, operated due to trauma, and who underwent tube thoracostomy for reasons other than trauma were excluded from the study.
RESULTS: %89.7 of patients were male. The type of trauma was blunt in 40 (51.3%) cases and penetrating trauma in 38 (48.7%) cases. The mean age of the patients was 12.62±4.7 years ( 10.47±5.25 years in blunt traumas, 14.89±2.77 years in penetrating traumas). Tube thoracostomy was performed due to pneumothorax in 48.7% of patients, hemothorax in 28.2%, and hemopneumothorax in the remaining 23.1%. PTS mean values of blunt trauma patients were lower than penetranting trauma and this was statistically significant (p≤0.05). When the patients were divided into two groups as PTS 8 and above, 20 (25.6%) was below 8, 58 (74.6%) was above 8.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: In pediatric emergencies, early diagnosis and treatment of the patient is life-saving. By quickly evaluating trauma patients with PTS, it is possible to make a preliminary assessment about the severity and clinic of the trauma.

INTRODUCTION: In this study, it was aimed to investigate how pregnancy and postpartum processes affect the course of MS disease, the effects of breast feeding on the frequency of attacks, and the fetal development in pregnant patients using MS treatment (disease modifying treatment (DMT)
METHODS: Our pregnant relapsing remitting MS (RRMS) patients who were followed up in our MS outpatient clinic were included in the study. Our patients were followed up during pregnancy and postpartum 1 year. Annualized relapse rate (ARR) was calculated in the year preceding pregnancy, during pregnancy, and in the first year of postpartum. The duration of DMT use while pregnant, pregnancies resulting in miscarriage, low birth weight babies, preterm babies, and breastfeeding times were recorded and evaluated.
RESULTS: The number of pregnancies followed was 102 pregnancies, including 89 deliveries and 13 abortions. Twenty nine patients used DMT in some part of their pregnancy due to unplanned pregnancy. The disability condition evaluated before and 12 months after pregnancy progressed in 12 patients. Interestingly, 70 patients remained stable, while seven patients regressed. No relation was found between the use of DMT during pregnancy and miscarriage, preterm baby, and low birth weight baby. Mothers who were not breastfeeding or breastfeeding for less than 3 months experienced more attacks than mothers who breastfed for 3 months or more.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Disease activity and disability status during pregnancy and the postpartum period did not change in RRMS patients compared to pre-pregnancy. DMTs used during pregnancy did not affect fetal development and abortion status.

INTRODUCTION: Candida causes serious infections in intensive care patients resulting in high mortality. In this retrospective study, clinical data of intensive care patients with Candida strains isolated from various clinical specimens were examined; To describe the isolated Candida strains and antifungal susceptibility patterns
METHODS: In January 2017 - January 2020; Gram staining and germ tube test were applied to Candida strains isolated from clinical specimens. VITEK 2 automated system was used to identify Candida species and to flucytosine and micafungin, susceptibility were to be found fluconazole 88%, voriconazole 96%, amphotericin B and caspofungin 97%, respectively. determine their antifungal sensitivity.
RESULTS: The most common indications for hospitalization were determined as respiratory failure (66%) and postoperative follow-up (14%). The most common risk factors were determined as urinary catheter (94%) and mechanical ventilation (84%). Mortality rate was found to be 60%. While Candida species were most frequently isolated from urine (59%) and tracheal (22%) samples, the most frequently isolated species were Candida albicans (83%) and Candida parapsilosis (4%). While all isolates were susceptible
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Candida species differ by region. Epidemiology and antifungal susceptibility vary for different candida species. For this reason, it is important to determine the epidemiological factors in Candida infections, especially in intensive care patients, to determine the species level, and to determine the antifungal sensitivity of the causative species in order to decide on the appropriate treatment.

Thymoma is a very rare tumor with a rate of 1.7 per million. Thymoma often occurs between the ages of 35-70. Thymoma is frequently located in the anterior mediastinum. Patients with thymoma often do not cause symptoms clinically. Depending on the localization of the tumor, pain may present with cough, hoarseness, shortness of breath, superior vena cava syndrome and weight loss. The coexistence of nasopharyngeal, breast, colon and hepatocellular cancer can be seen in patients with thymomas. In this article, we present our case with thymoma and colon cancer association with the literature.

Germ cell tumors of the testis comprosing of seminomas, or non-seminomatous germ cell tumors are the most common solid neoplasms in young men. There are rare cases where seminoma and non-seminomatous cells are seen together. Non-seminomatous germ cell tumors which have generally good prognosis may feature with growing masses, despite chemotherapy treatment and consequent diminishing or normal tumor markers. These cases are called Growing Teratoma Syndrome (GTS). Growing Teratoma Syndrome is diagnosed with: (i) normalization of tumor markers (AFP and / or hCG) that have been elevated before chemotherapy, (ii) increased tumor volume during or after chemotherapy, and (iii) biopsy result consistent with mature teratoma. In the management of GTS, the early and complete surgical removal of the tumor constitutes the main approach. Early diagnosis and correct intervention GTS cases have a very good prognosis. Herein, we report a patient diagnosed with GTS after two courses of chemotherapy.

INTRODUCTION: Lumbar puncture (LP) is a frequently used as a diagnostical and treatment tool in the practice of pediatric neurology. Headache associated with LP directly effects the physician and the family concerning patient comfort in a negative manner. The aim of this study is to evaluate and present to the literature, the clinical features, treatment strategies and prognoses of 8 cases with postdural puncture headache (PDPH).
METHODS: Eight cases with clinical findings who underwent LP for various reasons and diagnosed as PDPH in the last three years at the pediatric neurology department of SBU, Ankara Dr. Sami Ulus Training and Research Hospital were retrospectively evaluated.
RESULTS: The patients’ mean age were 12.2 and 4 (50%) of them were male. Headache started within first 4 hours in 5 patients while 3 patients reported pain within the first hour after LP. Headaches, which were accompanied by a sensation of pressure and/or throbbing were located occipitally in 2 (25%), frontally in 2 (25%), frontotemporally in 1 (12,5%), bitemporally in 1 (12,5%) patient while it extended to the neck in 2 (25%) patients. All patients were supported with increased liquid intake, absolute bed rest, feet elevation, intravenous hydration and paracetamol while 6 patients were given oral caffeine. The pain gradually disappeared in an average of 2,7 days while it took relatively longer in 2 patients who were overweight and obese.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Although PDPH is a frightening situation by both the clinician, patient and parents; it can usually be controlled with supportive treatment and has a benign course.