INTRODUCTION: Test anxiety has negative effects on students' academic success. Especially in university education, the level of anxiety can increase with the increase of social and individual expectations. The students find a way to cope with anxiety and apply this method to deal with many other worrying issues throughout their life. The aim of this study is; determining the anxiety levels of nursing students before the practice of Women Health and Diseases Nursing Practice course and how they cope with the test anxiety.
METHODS: This descriptive study was carried out with 139 students in the 2017-2018 academic year in nursing students who took Women’s Health and Diseases Nursing Practice course. Student information form, State and Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI Form TX I-II), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) and Subjective Units of Distress Scale (SUDS) measurement tools were used.
RESULTS: There was no statistically significant difference between the mean scores of STAI Form TX I-II, BAI and SUDS scales and gender, age, family place and parental association. 44.6% of students use a method to cope with test anxiety. The mean STAI Form TX I-II and SUDS scores of the students who used any coping method were lower than those who did not. The most common method was breathing exercise (14.4%). There was a statistically significant positive correlation between STAI Form TX I-II furthermore STAI Form TX I and SUDS.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: As a result, it was determined that the anxiety levels of the students without any coping methods were higher than the others.

INTRODUCTION: In this study, our purpose was to determine the postural stability and fall risk by an objective computerized technique in patients with Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF), together with their relevant potential risk factors for falls.
METHODS: 45 patients diagnosed with FMF (mean age 31±10 years; range 17 to 53 years) and 40 healthy controls (mean age 31±9 years; range 18 to 50 years) were included in the study. We used the Falls Efficacy Scale (FES-I) for assessment of fall efficacy. The disease severity score was assessed. Stability Index (SI), Weight Distribution Index (WDI), and fall risk analysis were performed by the computerized posturography device.
RESULTS: The rate of falls in the last year was higher in the patient group (p<0.05). Significant differences were found between groups regarding SI and WDI values (p<0.05). A higher fall risk was determined in the patient group (p<0.05). However, except female gender, no significant relationships were found between SI, WDI, and fall risk and disease-related factors such as age, body mass index, duration and severity of the disease, the last 1-year fall history, and FES-I (r<0.3, p>0.05). Moreover, while significant positive correlations were determined between all parameters of SI and fall risk (r>0.3, p<0.001), no relationship was found between WDI and fall risk (r<0.3, p>0.05) except close eyes-head extended (HB-WDI) (r= 0.003, p<0.001).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Postural stability was impaired and fall risk increased in FMF. This result might result from FMF disease or many other factors being capable of affecting the balance.

INTRODUCTION: Contrast induced nephropathy (CIN) may arise after the use of contrast agents. Estimating of real glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is very important in order to prevent CIN. The most used GFR estimating equations are Cockroft-Gault (CG) and Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) but their superiority to each other is unknown in contrast media used patients.
METHODS: : Total of 165 patients enrolled to our study. Serum urea, creatinine and cystatin C levels of all patients were measured just before and fifth day of coronary angiography/angioplasty procedure. Alteration in serum cystatin C level was accepted as reference and GFR changes according to both equations were compared with serum cystatin C level variations.
RESULTS: Decreased GFR values according to both formulas were related with an increasing in serum cystatin C levels (p¬=0.042). However, there wasn’t any superiority of formulas to each other in terms of GFR alterations (r¬= -.276 and r= -.275 for CG and MDRD equations respectively).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Both CG and MDRD equations are useful to detect the GFR changes in coronary angiography performed patients and there was not superiority of them to each other. To our knowledge, this is a first study about the comparison of MDRD and CG equations in coronary artery visualized patients.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study is to analyze the relationship between the stage of prematurity and retinopathy severity by analyzing the results of premature retinopathy (PR) screening.
METHODS: In state Hospital 862 eyes of 431 cases who were admitted between June 2017 and September 2018 were evaluated retrospectively. Cases were classified according to gestational ages and birth weights. The cases were divided into advanced, intermediate and late premature. The relationship between the severity of retinopathy and the degree of premature and multiple births was evaluated
RESULTS: Two hundred thirty four (54.3%) of the cases were female and 197 (45.7%) were male. Birth weeks were 23 to 36 weeks (31.9 ± 2.77), and birth weights were 510-3500 gr (1746 ± 476). PR was detected in 137 (31.8%) of the cases at any stage, and no sign of PR was found in 294 (68.2%) cases. Stage 1 PR was detected in 80 cases (58.4%), stage 2 PR in 42 cases (30.7%), stage 3 PR in 13 cases (9.5%), and stage 4 PR in 2 cases (1.5%). The mean birth weight and gestational week were statistically significantly lower in patients with PR at any stage (p <0.05). Stage 3 and Stage 4 PR were detected in 6 (%4,32) cases with a gestational age of >32 weeks. No significant relationship was found between multiple births and PR. (P = 0.908)
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: It should always be considered that there may be advanced stage PR in moderate and late premature.

INTRODUCTION: In this study, the data of 29 patients who undervent surgery for pulmonary hydatid cyst in Van Regional Training and Research Hospital were analyzed retrospectively
METHODS: Patients who underwent surgery with the diagnosis of hydatid cyst in Van Regional Training and Research Hospital between May 2015 and October 2017 were evaluated in terms of age, sex, localization and size of the cyst, symptoms at admission, type of surgery and postoperative hospital stay.
RESULTS: Twenty patients (69%) were male and 9 (31%) were female. The mean age was found to be 21.5 (8-58).The most common symptom was cough (58.6%) and chest pain (51.7%). Hydatid cyst was localized in right (55.2%) in 16 patients and in left hemithorax (48.8%) in 13 patients. 22 patients (75,9%) were operated by cystotomy and capitonage; 3 patients (10,3%) were operated by enucleation and capitonage. Cystotomy without capitonage was used in 4 patients (13,8%).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The treatment of pulmonary hydatid cyst is surgical unless it is contraindicated. The basic principles of surgery should be the removal of the cyst content, the closing of the bronchial openings and the management of the remaining potential cavity. The use of postoperative albendazole is effective in preventing recurrences.

INTRODUCTION: Phenolic compounds in fruits and vegetables are very important in terms of eliminating free radicals. Most phenolic compounds are known to have antioxidant activity and can help protect cells against oxidative damage caused by free radicals. Grape fruit, known to contain various phenolic compounds such as hydroxynnamic acids, flavonols and anthocyanins has been reported to have antioxidant activity due to its high polyphenolic content. Therefore, in that study, it is aimed to determine some enzyme activities which are thought to be present in grape fruit.
METHODS: In this study, enzymes antioxidant as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) enzymes were determined by spectrophotometric method in fresh and raisin extracts grown in Aegean and Marmara regions. The findings were analyzed using statistical methods and the results were interpreted.
RESULTS: Superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme activity in fresh grape fruits were found to be 11.70, 6.6 U/L in Aegean and Marmara regions, respectively, while catalase (CAT) enzyme activity were found to be 6.32 and 3.82 U/L, respectively. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme activity in raisin fruits were found to be 6.05 and 5.05 U/L in Aegean and Marmara regions respectively, while Catalase (CAT) enzyme activity 4.17 and 3.12 U/L, respectively.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The results of our study showed that grapes are an important antioxidant store. Therefore, as a result of our research, it can be said that grapes are a powerful antioxidant against oxidative stress both in terms of food and human health.

INTRODUCTION: In this study, we aimed to investigate antituberculosis drug susceptibility of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex isolates, between 2014 and 2017 retrospectively.
METHODS: The specimens from patientswith a pre-diagnosis of tuberculosis were stained with Ehrlich-Ziehl-Neelsen method and evaluated microscopically. After then, specimens were inoculated onto Löwenstein-Jensen medium and BACTEC MGIT 960 (Becton Dickinson, USA) automated culture system. If bacterial growth was detected, Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex typing was done and antituberculosis drug susceptibilities for streptomycin, isoniazid, rifampicin and ethambutol were tested at BACTEC MGIT 960 (Becton Dickinson, USA).
RESULTS: Totally 78 Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex isolates were enrolled in the study. A single strain for each patient was taken to the study. Resistance rates of isoniazid, streptomycin and ethambutol were determined as 1.2%, 8.9% and 1.2%, respectively and no resistance to rifampicin was detected. 82% of the isolates were susceptible to all drugs and the highest resistance among antimycobacterial drugs was determined for streptomycin.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The single drug resistance that determined in our study was lower than 2017 tuberculosis report however it is known that there might have been differences between the regions.

INTRODUCTION: An unexpected birth and then the admission of the baby to the intensive care unit is a great source of anxiety and stress for families. In this study, aimed to reveal the stress levels, and the stress factors of the parents of the infants hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and the methods of coping with these.
METHODS: Research environment of this descriptive study consisted of parents of infants who were hospitalized in a tertiary NICU of a university hospital. For the data collection, Parents and Infants Description Form, Parental Stressor Scale: Neonatal Intensive Care Unit were used.
RESULTS: A total of 81 parents participated in the study. The mean scores of parents obtained from sights and sounds subgroup were 3.32±0.6 (moderately stressful), from infant behavior and appearance subgroup were 3.58±0.5 (very stressed), from parental role subgroup were 3.51±0.7 (very stressed), and the overall score average was found to be 3.51±0.6 (very stressed). It has been determined that parents of premature babies, parents of infants with a birth weight of 1500 grams or less, and parents of intubated infants are more stressed. Parents, as ways of coping with stress, have indicated that they want to take care of babies and want to know more about their infants and intensive care environment.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: More inclusion of the parents to care for their babies in NICU and more information may help to reduce the stress on them.

INTRODUCTION: Diabetes mellitus, a multifactorial and polygenic disease, is a major health problem worldwide. An increased risk for the development of thromboembolic and atherosclerotic diseases has been reported in diabetic patients with Factor V Leiden (FVL) mutation. Therefore, we think that it is important to detect diabetic patients with genetic polymorphism. The aim of our study was to investigate the frequency of FVL mutation in patients with diabetes mellitus.
METHODS: This study included 67 patients with diabetes mellitus. FVL mutation was investigated in all patients. The SNaPshot® multiplex system (Applied Biosystems Inc. Switzerland) was used. The heterozygous and homozygous genotypic distributions and percentages were determined.
RESULTS: There were 37 females and 30 males, ranging in age from 32 to 88 years with a mean age of 61.6 ± 11.1 years. There were no patients with homozygous FVL mutation. The heterozygous FVL mutation was detected in eight patients (11.9%). Of these eight patients with FVL mutation, five (62.5%) had hypertension, four (50%) had asymptomatic peripheral artery disease, and one (12.5%) had coronary artery disease.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Although the frequency of FVL mutation is not high in diabetic patients; thromboprophylaxis should be performed in diabetic patients in risky conditions such as surgery, long-term bed rest or trauma.

INTRODUCTION: We aimed to reveal out the relation of the age factor with biopsy results by comparing clinical and histopathological data of the patient who underwent prostate biopsy
METHODS: The records of 1213 patients who underwent prostate biopsy between January 2013 and February 2019 in our clinic were retrospectively reviewed. A total of 309 patients were included in the study. Biopsy was performed in patients with PSA> 2.5 ng / dl and / or abnormal rectal examination findings. Group 1; included younger adult patients (<50 years) and group-2; included patients older than 70 years.
Clinical and demographic data of all patients were recorded. All patients underwent a 12-core biopsy protocol and reviewed by same pathologist. Patients with a history of prostate biopsy, insufficient data, urogenital malignancy, bleeding diathesis, active urinary tract infection were excluded from the study. Also, patients who were terminated early due to severe pain were excluded from the study.

RESULTS: Mean PSA, prostate volume and IPSS data were significantly lower in Group 1 than Group 2. Prostate cancer rates were significantly higher in Group 2 than Group 1. We determined that the number of patients with gleason score ≤ 6 is higher in Group 1 than Group 2. On the other hand, there were significantly more patients with Gleason score ≥7 in Group 2 than Group 1
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Prostate cancers seen in young adult patients have more positive pathological features. Therefore, we think that age factor is an important parameter when deciding treatment.

INTRODUCTION: The aim was to evaluate the ocular blood flow in patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD) using Doppler-ultrasonography (DUSG).
METHODS: This study included the AMD patients from Ophthalmology Department of Dicle University Medical Faculty. Visual acuity, intraocular pressure, anterior and posterior segment examination were performed. The mean peak-systolic-velocity (PSV), enddiastolic-velocity (EDV), resistivity-index (RI) values of the posterior ciliary artery (PSA), central retinal artery (CRA) and ophthalmic artery (OA) were measured with DUSG.
RESULTS: There were 39 patients over 50 years of age. Of 39 patients, 15 (%38.46) were female and 24 (%61.54) were male. The mean age was 72.2 ± 8.3 years. There was no statistically significant difference in PSV, EDV and RI values between the eyes with and without AMD (p>0.05). In 11 patients AMD was unilateral. There was no statistically significant difference between the eyes in those patients in terms of mean PSV, EDV and RI values of OA, SRA and PCA (p>0.05). There was a statistically significant difference between the mean RI values of PCA and SRA in cases with neovascular-AMD and nonneovascular-AMD (p<0.05). A statistically significant difference was found between the mean EDV and PSV values of PCA with eyes in patients with HT and in patients without HT (p<0.05).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The increase in vascular resistance and the decrease in orbital blood flow was shown by DUSG in patients with neovascular-AMD. However, further studies are required to obtain a place for DUSG to detect orbital blood flow disorder in patients with AMD.

INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Helicobacter Pylori (HP) in patients with esophagitis and to investigate the relationship between HP and the presence and severity of esophagitis.
METHODS: 361 patients with recurrent dyspeptic complaints admitted to Van Training and Research Hospital, Pediatric Gastroenterology Outpatient Clinic between August-2017/April-2019 were included in the study. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy was performed and esophageal and gastric tissue biopsies were obtained. Demographic data, clinical complaints, endoscopic appearance and histopathological data of all patients were documented. Patients were divided into two groups according to the presence of HP. The groups were compared for the presence and severity of esophagitis.
RESULTS: 35.5% of the cases were male and 64.5% were female. The mean age was 11.6±1.6 years. The most common presenting complaints were nausea (56.8%), retching and belching (39.6%), regurgitation (39.1%) and stomach pain (38.2%). HP was positive in 63.3% of the cases and esophagitis was found in 23% of the cases. Esophagitis was detected in 21.9% of HP positive cases and 24.6% of HP negative cases. 96% of the patients with HP positive esophagitis had grade A, 2% had grade B and 2% had grade C esophagitis. There was no statistically significant difference between HP positivity with presence and severity of esophagitis (p>0.05).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: In conclusion HP positivity did not affect esophagitis and esophagitis severity in children. Addition, we have shown that the presence of HP does not play a role in the pathogenesis and complications of GERD.

INTRODUCTION: Oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) is an individual's self-perception of how personal oral health affects one’s quality of life and general health. This local study aimed to enlighten the relationship between self-rated oral health, oral health-related quality of life, and oral health self-care behaviors among dental university students.
METHODS: A questionnaire was mailed to all participants (n=380), including the Turkish version of 14-item OHIP concerning self-reported oral problems, and oral hygiene habits. The responses to OHIP-14 were chosen among multiple choices, each one response scoring between 0 and 4 points. Self-reported oral problems like decayed teeth, the need for extractions, bleeding gums, dental calculus, malocclusions were evaluated according to their presence or absence. Students were also asked to state daily oral care habits such as usage of dental floss or interdental brush.
RESULTS: The highest mean values found in the study, were related to physical pain and psychological discomfort domains of OHIP-14 with the mean values ranging from 1.19 to 0.93. Tooth decay (46.8%) and dental calculus (37.8%) were the most prevalent self-reported dental problems followed by malocclusion (32.1%), and need for extractions for several reasons (23.1%).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The results of our study showed that dental care students were highly knowledgeable and aware about oral care in proportion to the duration of training. Effective dental practice and education also increases the awareness of oral health habits of dental students and affects the quality of life positively.

INTRODUCTION: Inadequate sunlight during pregnancy and lactation and not receiving vitamin D support; which is an important health problem that causes decrease of vitamin D levels in both breast milk and newborn baby. In this study, we aimed to investigate vitamin D levels of mothers and newborn babies, and to determine the relationship between serum vitamin D levels and maternal vitamin D levels in newborns.
METHODS: 108 babies and their mothers who gave birth at 37 weeks and higher of gestation were included in the study. A questionnaire was created by asking mother’s age, occupation, and vitamin support during pregnancy, daily milk and fish consumption, dressing styles and sunlight times. Venous blood was collected from the pregnant women in the delivery room. The blood was drawn from the umbilical cord immediately after birth.
RESULTS: The mean value of vitamin D of the mothers was 4.6 ± 2.7 ng / ml and the mean vitamin D level of the infants was 5.2 ± 3.5 ng / ml. There was a significant (p<0.05) correlation between the vitamin D of the mother and the vitamin D of the baby and both of them were low..
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: In our study, a high rate of vitamin D deficiency was observed in mother and newborn infants. Vitamin D levels of mother and newborn infants were also correlated. We think that the diagnosis and treatment of vitamin D deficiency in mothers can prevent vitamin D deficiency in babies. It is necessary to ensure adequate intake of vitamin D for all mothers, mothers during pregnancy and lactation.

INTRODUCTION: In our study, demographic, clinical and histopathological results of patients with tonguelesions were analyzed retrospectively and compared with the currentliterature.
METHODS: This study was conducted in Otorhinolaryngology clinic between January2013 and December2018. Histopathological findings of these lesions were recorded based on the biopsy of the patients with lesion in the tongue.
The recorded data were evaluated according to age,gender,frequency of benign and malignantpathologies, localization of tongue lesions, morphological appearance and histopathology.

RESULTS: A total of261patients(mean age52.45years)who presented to our clinic with the complaint of lesion were included in the study. Of these patients, 139were female(53.25%) and 122were male(46.75%). Of the benign lesions, 118were female(84.89%) and 102(83.60%) were male. The age group with most common benign pathologies is40.6% in the 40-59 age range. malignant lesions, it was found to be34.5% in the age range of60-79. According to the histopathology of benign lesions; 20.8%had acanthosis/parakeratosis, 20.5%fibroepithelial polyp and 20%papilloma. The frequency distribution in malignant lesions is;most commonly SCC was present in80.5%of thecases, followed by diffuse large B-cell lymphoma with a rate of7.3%. The distribution of these lesions according to their localizations; lateral border with34.8% and dorsum with34%
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: In daily practice, The examination of patients presenting with a long-term lesion, the appearance of the lesion, and the histopathological analysis help to categorize the type of lesion. According to our results, most of the tongue lesions are benign lesions but it should be kept in mind that a lesion with vegetative, leukoplakia and ulcerative appearance in the tongue may be a preliminary finding of malignant pathology,

INTRODUCTION: MRI is superior to other radiological diagnostic methods because it does not contain radiation and it can clearly show the patellofemoral joint and surrounding anatomical structures. In our study, we aimed to determine the tibial tubercle-trochlear groove distance (TT-TOd) and trochlear groove angle (TOa) values by MRI and determine the differences between genders and age groups in a large patient series.
METHODS: 448 patients who applied our radiology clinic between January 2014 and March 2014 and undergone knee MRI scan due to knee pain were included in the study. The patients were divided into four groups as adolescent (13-19 years), young adult (20-35 years), adult (36-64 years) and elderly (65 and over). TT-TOd and TOa measurements were performed on axial MRG images of all patients.
RESULTS: The mean TT-TO distance was 14.6 ± 4.7 mm. Among all cases; TT-TO distance was higher in adolescent group compared to young adult, adult and elderly patient groups (p = 0.022; p = 0.009 and p = 0.004, respectively). The mean value for TOa measurement was 145,9 ° ± 9.6. This value was found to be wider in the adolescent male group than in the elderly male group (P = 0.004).
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: In this study, we reached a large series of patients and our study is valuable in terms of sampling the current literature and the results that we achieved between age group. We suggest for the adolescent patient group TT-TO distance and TO angle measurements must be considered in daily MRI practice.

INTRODUCTION: Bleeding is the risk related to long-term warfarin therapy and rises significantly at INR values above 4.5. The goal of warfarin reversal is to elevate vitamin K-dependent clotting factors. The aim of this study was to evaluate the management of the warfarin related bleeding complications in acute care patients.
METHODS: A totally of 74 patients with on warfarin treatment, who admitted to our acute care clinic were enrolled to the study. The patients were grouped into three groups based on International normalized ratio (INR) levels. INR levels of the groups were <3.0 for Group-I, 3.0≤INR ≤5.0 for Group-II and INR>5.0 for Group-III. Patients’ medical history, medications and warfarin related complications were recorded throughout examination.
RESULTS: In hematological analysis, platelet count and mean platelet volume were similar between groups. Plateletcrit and hemoglobin levels were significantly higher in group-I than group-III (p=0.01). There was no significance difference between groups in blood group analysis. Group-I and group-II were evaluated without medical intervention yet fresh frozen plasma (FFP) and erythrocyte suspension (ES) were given significantly in group-III. Patients in group-I and group-II were discharged usually, and group-III subjects were followed-up in the hospital.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated that warfarin anticoagulation at higher INR levels and without bleeding complication was managed by conservatively. Intravenous vitamin K was administered at minor bleeding complications in patients with warfarin anticoagulation. FFP and vitamin K was administered at the high INR levels with major bleeding complications in patients with warfarin anticoagulation.

INTRODUCTION: Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder affecting more than 21 million people worldwide. Disruptions of the GH-IGF-I axis likely lead to schizophrenia by causing deficits in early stages of neurodevelopment and low IGF-I levels are related to pre/postnatal growth and schizophrenia. IGF axis has effective role on healthy cell growth both prenatal and postnatal. IGF-I function effecting cancer cells is regulated by IGFBP-5. Several studies showed that IGF-I expression is low in schizophrenia patients. Aim of this study is to investigate relation of IGF-I and IGFBP-5 mRNA expression levels in Schizophrenia
METHODS: Fırstly, we collected the serum samples from patients who are diagnosed with schizophrenia and healthy control group. Then RNA was isolated from these serum samples. RNA expression was investigated by real time PCR. Results were evaluated using delta delta Ct. In this study IGF-I and IGFBP5 gene expression levels were calculated. For this purpose a portion of serum taken for routine tests was used.
RESULTS: Results of this study showed that there is no significant difference of IGF-I and IGFBP5 gene expression levels between patients and healthy subjects. On the other hand an important negative correlation between IGFBP5 expression level and age was found (p<0,05). Beside that there was not any association between PANNS points and gene expression levels.
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Consequently, relation of PANSS and gene expressions was not significant. Otherwise IGFBP5 and IGF-I mRNA expression levels had not an important relation for schizophrenia patients.

Periampullary region tumors are the tumors which develop from around 2 cm of Vater's ampulla, originating from the head of the pancreas, bile ducts, duodonum and Vater's ampulla. Adenomas are the most common tumors of this region. Although endoscopic papillectomy is a high-risk procedure, it has largely replaced surgery for adenomatous lesions of this region. In this case report, we discussed the operation and results of snare papillectomy in our patient which presented with abdominal pain and jaundice and was diagnosed villous adenoma by endoscopy and biopsy.

Depending on the increase in living standards the elderly population and the possibility of their healthy and active living are increasing. These two situations have caused an increase in bone fractures due to trauma in elderly people. In this group of patients with high morbidity, mostly bone cement is needed in joint prostheses. Bone cement implantation syndrome (BCIS) is common in cemented orthopedic surgery and it has high mortality. As an anaesthetist, our encounter ratio seems to increase gradually with patients at high risk for BCIS in the future. When BCIS develops, it would be beneficial to have a set of perioperative BCIS management guideline. BCIS, which resulted in death in our case, in order to increase awareness, it is presented with the literature.

Peptic ulcer disease, usually seen in the stomach and proximal duodenum, is a disease that can be seen in individuals of different age groups due to a wide variety of infectious and non-infectious causes. The understanding of the etiopathogenesis of peptic ulcer disease is an important factor in the prevention, treatment and management of this disease. Although there are several factors known to cause gastric ulcers, the mechanism of mucosal injury in the stomach related to gastric ulcers has not been fully clarified. Attempts to protect against a variety of environmental factors of gastric mucosa through prostaglandins play an active role in the protection of gastric ulcer. Numerous investigations have been conducted on gastric injury studies using necrotizing agents, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and cold restriction stress models for the protective effect of some prostaglandins in the stomach. This allows removal of the gastric mucosa prostaglandin E2 in the development and progression of peptic ulcers has been shown to be a significant etiological factor. In the light of all this information, the goal of this review is discussing the etiopathogenesis of peptic ulcers and prostaglandin relationship as a whole, and thus to provide the researchers with a thorough knowledge of future studies. In conclusion, it can be said that prostaglandins are directly or indirectly related to some ulcerogenic and protective factors, especially stress, hormonal response, gastric acid, and mucus, and they also play important roles in the etiopathogenesis of peptic ulcer disease.