Enterobius vermicularis is a worldwide common parasite which live predominantly in the caecum and appendices, and entirely restricted to human. In our study, we intented to ezamine the age and sex of the patients and the number of these parasites which can be seen in the human appendectomy material. 36 (2%) E. vermicularis infected appendices among the 1842 appendectomy material which were examined in a 24 month period between January 2009 and January 2011 at Erzurum Regional Training and Research Hospital Pathology Laboratory were discussed. Twentyseven of 36 specimens showed no sing of acute inflammation. Its known that parasites at appendices usually stays without showing signs of inflammation, rarely acute appendicitis seems. At some materials many E. vermicularis were seen. According to our archive, appendectomy in men (59.5%) is applied more than women but E. vermicularis is more common in women (58.3%). Despite appendectomy is applied more frequently at 2nd and 3rd decades, E. vermicularis was seen frequently at 2nd and 3rd decades (58%). The average age of appendectomy patients was 26 and it was 23.4 at these patients.

Aim: In our study, 38 cases were operated between 2003-2011. Cases were evaluated retrospectively. Surgicaltreatment and reconstructionmethods were evaluated. Methods: Thirteen female patients (34.2%) and twenty-five male patients (65.7%) were underwent surgical treatment (34.2%); mean age was 41.3 year; age distribution ranged from 14-71 year. Patients evaluated in terms of age, gender, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment modalities, and material used in the reconstruction.. Results: Eleven patienst were malign, and 27 patients were diagnosed as bening. Rib resection was performed in 22 patients, while, sternal resection was performed in two patients. Soft tissue resection was performed in 14 patients. The most common bening tumours were lipomas and chondromas. The most common malignant tumors were chondrosarcomas. Seven cases were reconstructed. Average hospital stay was 8.3 (7-28) days. The morbidity rate was determined as18.4%. Conclusion: In cases of malignant chest wall tumours, early diagnosis are very important. Pain and swelling are important complaint in thoracic tumours. In these cases, diagnosis should be made quickly. Wide resection should be performed in operabl cases. After resection of chest wall tumours, the defect is reconstructed by various methods, successfully.

Aim: The purpose of this study is to examine the association of first trimester concentrations of pregnancy associated plasma protein A (PAPP-A) and beta -human chorionicgonadotrophin (ß-hCG) in maternal serum with subsequent pregnancy complications. Methods: The study included 94 non-smoker patients applied to Ministry of Health Ankara Training and Research Hospital who were 18-35 years old and had no systemic disease or bad obstetric history and had singleton alive pregnancies between 10 weeks 6 days and 13 weeks 6 days of gestation. First trimester maternal serum PAPP-A and ß-hCG concentrations were measured. Serum marker levels were expressed as gestational age-specific multiples of median (MoMs). The patients divided into two groups; women with normal pregnancies and women that developed complications. Mann-Whitney test was used for comparison of PAPP-A and ß-hCG between two groups. Results: Seventy seven (77, 78%) of 94 pregnancies continued and terminated without any complications. Seventeen (17, 22%) patients developed complications. We found statistically significant difference in maternal serum PAPP-A MoMs between pregnancies complicated with SGA and normal pregnancies (p =0, 041). But, no statistically significant differences was found between PAPP-A MoMs and other researched complications ( preeclampsia, GDM, IUGR, LGA) and between ß-hCG MoMs and any researched pregnancy complications (p= 0, 246: p =0, 691). Conclusion: In this study, statistically significant difference was found in PAPP-A MoMs between normal pregnancies and those complicated with SGA. But the concentrations of PAPP-A were not associated other researched complications and concentrations of ß-hCG were not associated subsequent pregnancy complications. It was thought that first trimester measurement of serum levels of PAPP-A can be used in prediction of SGA.

Aim: Solitary pulmonary nodules are malignant potential lesions. The maximum diameter of lesion is 3 cm. Early diagnosis and treatment results are gratifying for patients of SPN. Material and method: In our Thoracic Surgery Clinics, diagnosis and treatment of patients with a recent 10- year period were included. There were 9 female and 28 male patients in study. The average age was calculated as 43,7. The patients were analysed in term of age, gender, treatment and histopathologic results. The ethical approval of study was obtained. Results: There were 29 asymptomatic and 8 symptomatic patients in this study. Histopathologically, there were 14 malignant and 23 bening cases. CT, TTİİAB, Broncoscopy, PET-CT were utilised in diagnosis of these patients. VATS and/or thoracotomy was performed in all cases. Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common causes of malignant tumour while hydatid cyst is the most common causes of the bening lesions. Average hospital stay was 8.4 days. No mortality was observed. Morbidity was observed in 6 cases. Conclusion: Thoracoscopic surgery is very important for diagnosis and treatment of solitary pulmonary nodules. Surgical treatment of malignant patients with SPN are very important in term of early diagnosis and survival. Early diagnosis is important for malignant patients. Survival in these patients is very high.

Aim: The aim of the study was to evaluate prevalance of smoking habits and respiratuar symptoms in tobacco workers. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study using a questionnaire was performed to 429 workers of the tobacco factory in December 2004. Questions about age, gender, smoking habits and respiratuar symptoms were asked to study group. The results were analysed statistically by SPSS v.15.0 pocket programme. Results: It was observed that workers in tobacco processing industry were to be exposed to tobacco dusts and did not wear protective masks during all working period. Study group was consisting of 429 persons: 291 male and 138 female. The mean age of the group was 38,5 ± 8,4 . The rates of current smokers and non smokers were 62,5% and 28,5% respectively in male group. The ratio of non-smokers and current smokers were 69,5% and 28,3% respectively in females. The male group was consisting of more smoker persons and they were smoking much more cigarettes per day than the females, this was statistically significant (p<0,001). We determined the percentage of the frequent respiratory symptoms in the workers as following: morning sputum (%32,1), wheezing (%27,2), morning cough (%26,3), shortness of breath (%17,2) and chronic cough (%10,2). Among the tobacco workers, smoking and having respiratory symptoms were more common in the male group. Conclusion: As a result we suggest that preventive measures need to be taken in this industry. These are control of dusty environment and wearing of personel protective masks. Tobacco workers should be strongly encouraged for smoking cessation.

Aim: In this study it was aimed to determine whether plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 gene 4G/5G and p53 codon 72 polymorphisms are genetic markers of endometriosis development in Turkish endometriosis patients. Method: Genomic DNA was extracted from 60 women (30 with endometriosis and 30 controls) in the study. DNA was amplified with 4G and 5G specific primers for detection of plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 gene 4G/5G polymorphism and PCR-RFLP technique was used to analyze p53 codon 72 polymorphism. Products were assessed with ultraviolet transilluminator by being exposed to agarose gel electrophoresis. Results: According to the plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 gene 4G/5G polymorphism the 4G allele frequency was indicated as 37% and 5G allele was as 63% in patients, whereas this was 53-47% in the control group. According to p53 codon 72 polymorphism the proline allele frequency was indicated as 43.3% and arginine allele was as 56.7% in patients, whereas this was 40-60% in the control group. Conclusion: As a result of our study we may assert that plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 gene 4G/5G and p53 codon polymorphisms cannot be considered as genetic markers to develop endometriosis in Turkish population. However the significance of our result remains to be further investigated in different and even larger groups being combined with other genetic polymorphisms considered as risk factors for endometriosis.

A 35 years old women was admitted to the urology department due to vaginal urinary incontinence. 21 days after a simple abdominal hysterectomy Cystoscopy showed no abnormality, and no leakage was observed when the bladder was filled with methylene. We tried to insert a catheter into the left ureter but could not manage to go further than 2.5 cm. Then, methylene blue was given through the catheter and this time leakage was observed throughout the vagina. Intravenous pyelography (IVP) showed left distal ureteral obstruction. Watchfull waiting was the only choice since she refused surgical treatmen. It was observed that 5 days after the diagnosis, ureterovaginal fistula recovered spontaneously.

Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS) is a common complication in patients undergoing ovulation induction. Although this syndrome is rare in spontaneous pregnancies, even so it can occur. In this paper, we aimed to present management of a case who has 13 weeks pregnancy with spontaneous OHSS. 35 years old woman was admitted to our outpatient clinic with complaints of abdominal swelling, shortness of breath, nausea, vomiting and hand-foot inflatable. We learned that her previous pregnancy which had been through in vitro fertilization had occured OHSS. Spontaeous OHSS was diagnosed after obstetric, laboratory and ultrasonographic examinations in this case. Conservative treatment was performed. Healthy female baby was delivered at the end of the 38th weeks. Patients who experienced OHSS in previously pregnancy produced by IVF, even though subsequent pregnancies is spontaneous, the risk of OHSS should be kept in mind.

With the advances in antibiotic treatment, brain abscesses are very uncommon in developed countries. However, in countries with low socio-economic level brain abcess are more common and this is the most serious life-threatening complication of otologic diseases. In this article, we discussed a case with cerebellar abcess caused by middle ear cholesteatoma and ongoing with progressive neurological deficits and disorder of general situation.

Peritonitis is the most common complication of peritoneal dialysis. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia peritonitis is a rare condition. The treatment of this entity is diffucult because S. maltophilia is a multi-drug resistant organism. We present a peritonitis case with S. Maltophilia which was refractory to antibiotic treatment and the infection could only be controlled after the removal of the catheter.

Mucoceles are slow-growing and locally aggressive lesions of the paranasal sinuses. A progressively enlarging lesion results in destruction of the anterior and posterior wall of the sinus and extends to the surrounding anatomic structures such as orbita. Fronto-ethmoidal mucoceles have a silent clinical course so the patients usually present with headache, retroorbital pain, diplopia and visual disturbance with the orbital extension at the end stages. Early diagnosis of the mucocele may avoid serious ocular complications. Management of mucoceles includes functional endoscopic surgery or more radical surgical methods. In this study, we described a 27-year-old man who presented with unilateral proptosis, diplopia and vision loss, with an infected mucocele that extended to the orbit.

Rhabdomyolysis is the name given to the clinical and laboratory syndrome resulting after skeletal muscle injury and entrance of the muscle cell contents into circulation. Clinical picture is very variable. Asymptomatic elevation of enzymes can be followed by life-threatening kidney failure and severe electrolyte imbalances. It may occur depending on many different etiologies such as drugs. Allopurinol is used in the treatment of primary and secondary gout, and may rarely cause rhabdomyolysis in patients with renal failure. So, it should be carefully used especially in patients with renal failure. The patient with hypertension and chronic kidney disease (creatinine 1.5 mg/dl) was admitted to outpatient clinic with toe pain. Colchicine was started 3x0.5 mg/day because of gout. One week later, allopurinol 150 mg/day was added to his treatment. Rhabdomyolysis was observed in the patient one week after the start of allopurinol. While colchicine did not cause rhabdomyolysis, addition of allopurinol to treatment resulted in symptomatic rhabdomyolysis.