The intervertebral discs between the cervical vertebrae do not extend to the lateral edges of the vertebral bodies. In this area articular modifications are found on both sides of the intervertebral discs as cleft-like cavities between the superior surface of the uncinate process of one vertebra and the lateral lips of the inferior articulating surface of the vertebra above. These modifications, called as Luschka joints, are contro versial. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the development of the uncovertebral joint (Luschka joint). The materials were obtained from the fetuses ranged 13 to 31 weeks old. The fetal spines were sliced into three section (oblique, frontal, horizontal) and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. On examination by light microscopy, the intervertebral space that is lateral to the disc was found to be occuppied by loose fibrous tissue. It is suggested that this joint forms postnatally by slow absorption of loose fibrous tissue.

A study was planned to assess the effectiveness of electrocauterization and cryotherapy comparatively in treatment of chronic cervicit with erosion which shows benign cellular changes in pap smears. 217 cases who applied to Ankara 600 beds of Military Mevki Hospital’s Obstetrics and Gynecology out patient department, were treated. 41 patients treated with one time electrocauterization and 38 were healed (92.6%) and 152 of 176 patients who treated by cryotherapy with the same method were healed (86.3%) also. In Van Yüzüncü Yıl University Medical Faculty’s Obstetrics and Gynecology clinic, study was carried out for 57 patients. It was determined that, 34 of 36 patients (94.4 %) who were treated by one time electrocauterization and 17 of 21 (80.9%) patients who were treated by cryotherapy were healed. In our study we found out that in treatment of chronic cervicit with benign cellular changes in pap smears, electrocauterization method which is practical and economic was statistically significantly different in success ratios when compared with cryotherapy (x2= 4.36, p= 0.036). As seen in our study, it is suggested that, electrocauterization which provides very high average healing ratio (93.5 %) can be preferred instead of cryotherapy which provides 83.6 % healing.

Various treatment methods have been performed on small patient groups of beta thalassemia as well as animal models in order to decrease transfusion complications due to frequent transfusions and to supply high quality of life to thalassemic patients. Recombinant erythropoientin treatment is one of these methods. Subcutaneous recombinant erythropoietin was used 500 U/kg/day for three days weekly during a mean of 14.2 ? 3 weeks period in 13 patients with beta thalassemia intermedia in order to supply higher life quality by increasing hemoglobin values. Oral iron supplementation of 1.5 mg/kg/day was supplied during the treatment and erythrocyte pack was also transfused in two patients. The patients were followed up with hemoglobin, hematocrit, reticulocyte, HbF, ferritin and erythrocyte indices during and after the treatment. Increase at hemoglobin values (1.9 ? 0.8 gr/dl) and life quality during the treatment did not continue after the cessation of treatment. Results were evaluated by the literature knowledges.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the radiologic findings in the lymphoma of the thorax. The study population consisted of 28 patients from two institutions between 1990 and 1997. All patients had both plain radiography and computed tomography (CT). The group included 15 men and 13 women with a mean age of 34.8 years (between 6 – 67). The plain radiography and CT scans were retrospectively evaluated to identify the lesions. The histopathological diagnosis was obtained in all patients.

Superficial fungal diseases can be found on people with not regarding age and sex. These diseases show some clinical and microbiological differences among countries and territories. In this retrospective study it was planned to search clinical properties of the superficial fungal infections seen in patiens whom living in Van and around. For this reason, recorded information of the patients whom attended to dermatology clinic of Yüzüncü Yıl Medical school was evaluated. As a result of one year evaluation of record of 7231 patients, 1015 (14.03%) had superficial fungal diseases of total 1057 body reagion. 856 (80.98%) of those had dermatophytosis, 184 (17.41%) had pityriasis versicolor, and 17 (1,61%) had moniliasis. Tinea pedis was (43,46%) most comprised of dermatophytosis, then in range other forms (tinea capitis (13,43%), tinea corporis (12,50%), tinea cruris (12.21%), tinea manuum (9,81%), tinea unguium (9.34%) and tinea barbae (0.24%).

In recent years it was shown that serum magnesium levels were low in patient with type II diabetes mellitus (DM). In this study we aimed to assess whether serum magnesium levels was correlated with blood glucose regülation or not, in NIDDM patients. Fortyeight patients (20 male, 28 female mean, age; 53.42 ? 9.43 years) with type II DM were divided into two groups depending on HbA1c levels and serum magnesium levels were measured. Groups were statistically compared with Pearson’s correlation test. For 15 patients with normal HbA1c levels 14 (%93.3) have normal magnesium levels whereas for 33 patients with high HbA1c levels, only 9 (%72.7) have normal magnesium levels. Twentyfour patients (%72.7) have low magnesium levels (p<0.01). In type II DM serum magnesium levels were low for poorly controlled diabetic patients.

In this study, we aimed to compare different surgical techniques in the treatment of benign biliary obstruction cases. 30 benign biliary obstruction cases treated with choledochoduode-nostomy, transduodenal sphincteroplasty, and T tube drainage between 1993-1997 were evaluated retrospectively according to their indications and the result. 14 cases underwent choledochoduo-denostomy, 5 transduodenal sphincteroplasty, and 11 T tube drainage. 2 patients who operated for septic cholangitis in emergency condition died in early postoperative period. Non- fatal postoperative complications including cardiac, pulmonary, renal disease, and incisional infection were observed in 8 cases. In all cases of three groups satisfactory biliary drainage was obtained. Cases operated via choledochoduodenostomy, and transduodenal sphincteroplasty did not show any residual or relapsing biliary lithiasis. However 2 cases treated with T tube drainage resulted in residuel biliary lithiasis. All these cases were asymptomatic.The two major operative procedures for drainage of the common bile duct are transduodenal sphincteroplasty and choledochoduodenostomy. For either operation, the indication may be similar. The overall results are good for both procedures and success rates are similar.

this study, blood glucose, BUN, creatinin, uric acid, sodium, potasium, chlor, calcium, AST, ALT levels were analysed in the patients receiving standart (2 mg/kg/day prednisolon) and high dose (30 mg/kg/day methyl prednisolon) steroid to investigate side effects of both steroid therapies. Standart dose steroid was adminitered to 35 patients including 3 idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, 4 Henoch Schönlein purpura, 11 nephrotic syndrome, 14 lymphoma, 5 acute rheumatic fever, and high dose steroid in 19 patients including 7 idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, 2 juvenile rheumatoid arthrit, 10 acute lymphoblastic leukemia as a single use or within combined chemotherapy. The parameters were analysed at the beginning and after the mean of 13 (9-19) day. The mean levels of the parameters after and before therapy were not significantly changed with both steroid therapies (p>0.05 for all parameters). Only 5 patients showed slightly increase in one or two parameters (ALT, AST, uric acide and glucose) with both therapies. These findings suggested that short course of high dose steroid therapy does not have more side effects than standart dose therapy. Although the patient's number of the both study groups were not sufficient, our results may be considerable because there were no prominently biochemical changes with both steroid therapies.

It is possible to detect even very small focal liver lesions with routine radiological examinations. However, any modalities are not sufficient for tissue characterisation. For this reason, needle biopsy occurred indispensible diagnostic modality. In this study, we investigated the results and efficacy of the US-guided liver biopsies with cutting needle. Cutting biopsies were performed with free-hand technique in the 62 patients with liver mass. Average 2.3 puncture were performed in the lesions, which are measured 14-150 mm. There was no serious complication in any patients. We conclude that cutting biopsy in liver lesion is safe inexpensive and rarely may be associated with a serious complication.

Inhaled furosemide has been recently shown to produce a significant protective effect against the bronchoconstriction induced in asthmatic subjects by several indirect stimuli. For this reason, we investigated the effect of furosemide in treating acute asthma. Thirty-five patients who presented to outpatients department with acute exacerbations of asthma were entered into this study. They were blindly randomized to receive one of two regimens: 1- inhaled furosemide (20mg)(n=25); 2- inhaled %0.9 NaCl (5cc) (n=10). The study was a placebo-controlled and single-blind. Avaraged age of furosemide group was 33?12 (male:7, female:18) and in control group was 29? 5 ( male:5, female:5). We measured pulmonary function tests (FVC, FEVı, FEVı/FVC, PEF and MMEF) at entry (time 0) and 1, 5, 15, 30, 60 min and 4 hours after inhalation. There weren’t statistically differences between prefurosemide and control group pulmonary function tests. There were statistically significant differences between prefurosemide and postfurosemide FVC, FEVı, PEF and MMEF. There was no statistically difference between baseline FEVı/FVC and 1 min, but there were significant differences between baseline FEVı/FVC and 5, 15, 30 and 60 min. However, there were not differences between baseline pulmonary function tests and 4 hours in furosemide group. In placebo group, there were not significant differences between preinhalation and post inhalation. In conclusion, we show that inhaled furosemide is effective in asthma.

The aim of the study was to compare the findings of conventional chest radiography (CR) and computed tomography (CT) in the diagnosis of lung cancer. The study population consisted of 80 patients admitted to two different institutions between 1990 and 1997 with the diagnosis of lung cancer. All patients had both CR and CT scans. The study population was consisted of 71 men and 9 women with a mean age of 55.09?16.36 years (between 27-75). Two radiologists retrospectively evaluated the CR and CT scans to identify the lesions and compared the findings. CR must be primary radiologic method in the diagnosis of lung cancer. CT gives more information on the contour of lesion, inner structure, invasion and mediastinal lymphadenopathy, although it is more expensive than CR.

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is defined by a low platelet count, normal bone marrow, and the absence of other causes of thrombocytopenia. In this paper, we analyzed 18 adults patients with ITP diagnosed in our department between 1995 and 1998. Median patient age was 31.6 years at the time of diagnosis. Length of follow-up was median 12 months. Median platelet count was 10x109/L (range 2-26x109/L) at the time of diagnosis. 16 of 18 patients with less than 30x109/L platelet count received an initial treatment. Fifteen patients were given 1 mg/kg oral prednisone (PDN) for 1 month, and then PDN is tapered, while one patient was treated with high-dose (1gr/m2) oral methylprednisone (HDOMP) for 5 days. Partial response to treatment was an increase in platelet count to above 50x109/L. Complete response was defined as any platelet count higher than 100x109/L lasting for 3 months or longer without treatment. Short -term and long-term responses to PDN were obtained in 68.7% and 31% respectively. No severe side effects of PDN were observed. Six patients underwent splenectomy. Four had a complete response, one case attained partial remission, and the other case died related to thrombocytopenia after splenectomy. HDOMP therapy was used to three patients (initial therapy for one case). Two patients achieved a complete response while other patient failed to respond. Spontaneous remission can be observed in a one case of untreated two patients. In conclusion, this analysis of ITP in adults suggests that prednisone and splenectomy remains effective treatment, and HDOMP therapy seems to be beneficial in some cases of refractory ITP as well initial therapy.

Hepatolithiasis is a common, challenging problem in East countries. This rare disaese is characterized by semptoms suck as high fever, jaundice and abdominal pain. Despite the available modern diagnostic tools, which allow an early diagnosis in most cases but sometimes results in a fatal outcome. There are some problems with this syndrome because of its rarity and different clinical presentations. More ınvestigations are needed to define the aetiology and pathology of intrahepatic stones. Here we reported a case of hepatolithiasis in a patient with the light of literature.

In this report a 7 year old patien with Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) developing intestinal perforation as a complication of induction therapy was presented. The complication has been considered to be related to therapy rather than malign process. This case suggested that intestinal perforation should be regarded as an important complication of ALL treatment.

Bronchoalveolar carcinoma has varied growth patterns, mixed histological features, and confusing clinical manifestations and evolution. The spectrum of the radiographic findings is broad with typically three different patterns such as a solitary nodule or mass, a localized consolidation, and a multicentric or diffuse diseases. In this article, we are present a case of bronchioloalveolar carcinoma beginning with localized infiltration and then progressing into bilateral diffuse disease which is diagnosed by sputum cytology.

The first step in surgical treatment of intraabdominal infections is the elimination of the infectious focus. Then, dry cleaning of abdominal cavity, lavage, debridement, drainage and irrigation may be done. But, an ideal method is not present for the treatment of intraabdominal infections.

Bone marrow transplantation is most commonly used for the therapy of a wide variety of neoplastic and nonmalignant disorders. Peripheral blood stem cells (PBSCs) are widely used in autologous transplantation because of easy collection and rapid hematopoietic recovery. However, in the allogeneic setting the use of PBSCs has been delayed. The goal is to achieve engraftment and hematopoietic recovery and avoid the development of graft versus host disease. For patients transplanted for malignant disease, another important component is the immune mediate graft versus leukemia effect. In this report, we summarize data regarding the allogeneic peripheral stem cell transplantation.

Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a serious gastrointestinal disease of unknown cause that predominately affects premature infants. The overall incidence of NEC is between 1% and 5% of all neonatal intensive care units admissions. The incidence is markedly increased in infants at lower gestational ages. Mesenteric ischemia has been postulated for many years to be the common denominator in the pathogenesis of NEC. Also, enteral alimentation is thought to play a major role since 90% to 95% of all infants who develop NEC have been enterally fed. Bacterial proliferation is undoubtedly another factor in the pathogenesis of NEC, but whether bacteria are primary initiators of the disease is unknown. Early signs of NEC are indistinguishable from sepsis neonatorum. The signs and symptoms are quite variable, ranging from feeding intolerance to evidence of a fulminant intraabdominal catastrophe with sepsis, shock and peritonitis. Patients should be staged using a clinical staging system for NEC was devised by Bell et al. Upon recognition or suspicion of NEC early and aggressive treatment should be started. This should include vigorous intravenous fluid resuscitation, correction of hematocrit and thrombocyt, bowel rest with nasogastric decompression, and antibiotic therapy.