In this work, duplications of the foramina transversaria of the spinal column were investigated. Two hundred and twenty-two foramina transversaria in dry cervical vertebra from our departments were studied and classified in four groups: C1, C2, C3-C6, C7. No duplication was observed on atlas and axis vertebra. Duplications found on C3-C7 were recorded as: bilateral, unilateral-left, unilateral-right. Results are compared with the literature. Clinical significance of this variation is discussed by the light of the literature.

Aim: Acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding (AUGIB) is one of the most important causes of the morbidity and mortality. Despite advances in the pharmacological and endoscopic treatments, its mortality is still about 10%. Method: One hundred sixty one patients were hospitalised in our gastroenterology department because of AUGIB between 1997- 2000. They were retrospectively evaluated with respect to admission complaints, bleeding location and etiological causes. Result: Fifty-five of 161 patients with AUGIB were female (35%) and 106 were male (65%) with average age 50.2 15.3 (between 17-90). Thirty of the patients (18%) used aspirin or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug, 4 (2,4%) Warfarin and one of then alcohol as a risk factor. The most frequent cause of AUGIB was peptic ulcer, with a rate of 43% (26% stomach and 17% duodenum). The second cause was esophageal varices bleeding (25%) and the third cause was gastric erosions (19%) in the etiology of AUGIB. Seven patients (4,3%) underwent surgical operation due to recurrent or continuous bleeding and 8 patients (4,9%) died (six esophageal varices bleeding, one gastric cancer, and one gastric ulcer). Conclusion: Peptic ulcer has been found to be the most important cause of AUGIB in our clinic. Bleeding from esophageal varicies in cirrhosis is the second most common cause.

Aim : The aim of this study is to retrospectively assess prognostic factors of the patients with acute epidural hematoma who were treated and followed up in our clinic. Method : Between March 1996 and February 2000 47 patients with acute epidural hematoma were evaluated according to age, sex, etiology, clinic feature, localization of hematoma, treatment, prognosis and out-come. All diagnosis were made by CT. Result: Mean age of the 47 patients with acute epidural hematoma was 24  16 (15 days-73 years). Thirty-six of the patients (77%) were male and 11 of the patients (23%) were female. The etiology for all the patients was trauma. Falling down was the major type of trauma (n=24, 51%). Major finding was depression of consciousness level (n=24, 51%). In 30 patients (64%) GCS values were between 12and15. GCS values of 8 patients (17%) were between 8 and 11 and GCS values of 9 patients (19%) were 7 and below. Most common localization was temporal-pariatal region. Thirtytwo patients (68%) underwent hematoma drainage surgery with craniotomy. Rest of the patients (n=15) treated conservatively. Mortality for all the patients was 13%. GCS values of all the patients who died were 7 and below on the admission day. Conclusion: Major factor which effects the prognosis for the patients with acute epidural hematoma is the neurologic level of the patients which is effected by epidural hematoma and evaluated with GCS.

Aim: Atherosclerosis is the main underlying cause of coronary artery disease (CAD), Numerous studies have reported that infection may be a risk factor for atherosclerosis. There have been numerous seroepidemiological studies an association between infection and CAD. In this study was investigated at having frequency of salmonella typhy infection with CAD and compare without CAD. Method: Forty patients (35 M, 5 F, mean age 54.1+8.46 years) with CAD and forty patients (24 M, 16 F, mean age 50.7+7.7 years) without CAD were included in the study. Patients whose salmonella typhy O (TO) antibody titre is down 1/200 and whose salmonella typhy H (TH) antibody is 1/200 and up, had been accepted as salmonella typhy infection. According to American heart society’s spell system if > % 50 narrowness had been found anyone coronary segment is accepted with CAD, and none of coronary segment which hadn’t been established narrowness, is accepted without CAD. Results: No statistically significant difference existed between groups for age, smoking, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, family history of heart disease, hematocrit and blood cholesterol levels. Female sex in without CAD group and having frequency of myocardial infarcts in female sex was observed in as a significant difference (p<0.05). Antibody titre of TH 1/200 and up was found 22 patients with CAD and 21 patients without CAD(p>0.05). In addition, in group CAD; between patients who had had salmonella and who hadn’t been watched significant difference at involved coronary vessel number and mean narrowness percent. Conclusion: In conclusion, this study was suggested that they’re no difference CAD on patients who had had salmonella infection.

Aim: The incidence of colorectal cancer show wide extend in Turkey. Many of patients could be able to diagnose in further stage and mostly they treat and follow with only one treatment protocol. Method: Medical record of 69 colorectal cancer patients was searched between 1994-2001 at department of general surgery of Yuzuncu Yıl University, Van. Results: Rectal cancer patients were more (30%), abdominopelvic resection was performed to nine of these patients. Different surgical resection were applied to the rest of the patients in according to tumor site and preoperative stage. The ration of inresectability was 7% and the ration of preserving sphincter was 52% in rectal cancer patients. 96% of all colorectal cancer patients were adenocarcinoma. In according to Modified Aster-Coller stage system they were evaluated as stage B and C. There were no patients in stage A. Recurrence was occured in 28 (40%) patients during median follow-up period that was 48 month and 6 (0.08%) patients were died due to distant organ metastasis. Conclusion: Many of the colorectal cancer patients could be diagnosed in further stage in our country. It could be better applying multimodal protocol and supplying locoregional and systemic control in further stage of colorectal cancers.

The ranula is a retention cyst which takes place on the anterior part of mouth floor.In the treatment of ranula which may be seen in almost all ages beginning childhood period, from marsupialisation to partial or total excision of the mass or sublingual gland have been applied. In this study, we examined 8 cases with simple ranula, five of whom female, three male diagnosed and treated in our clinic between 1996-2000. Mean age was 7 2.62 and the most frequent complaint was painless, soft, fluctuating sublingual mass. Six of the cases had been admitted firstly and two had an experienced operation history. While marsupialisation was applied to the six cases who were admitted firstly, total excision was applied to the two cases with operation history. No relapse was recorded in patients followed meanly 18 months. We concluded that marsupialisation is required in cases priorly not having an operation, and total excision of the sublingual gland may be preferred in cases priorly operated.

Pneumotosis cystoides intestinalis is a rare but important condition in which gas is found in a linear or cystic form in the submucosa or subserosa of the bowel wall. In this article, a pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis case is presented which is defined in a patient who is suffering from nausea, vomitting for sixteen years and operated due to suspicion of pyloric stenosis after double contrast barium meal examination of the stomach and duodenum. The ileum is resected due to gas-filled cysts.

Marko Pasha is a quite well known proverbal idiom even though the Turkish Public opinion tkink he was a lawyer, he was actually medical doctor. While we were examining his short life, we observed that one of the most important point was his speed with its sense of humor and always eagerness to help medical students. With these personality specialties, he left deep influence in Turkish common cultural and educational life and he became a folk figure.