Aim: It has been shown that QT dispersion (QTD) is increasing in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and there is not a relation with coronary. However, there is not enough knowledge about whether there is related or not between dominant coronary artery and QTD. In this study, at right coronary artery dominance (RCAD), at left coronary artery dominance (LCAD) and at uncertain artery dominance (UCAD) cases; the relation between QTD and vessel domination was investigated with exercise stress test (EST). Method: 35 cases with RCAD (mean age 47 ± 10 years, 34 % of whom women), 40 cases with LCAD (mean age 50 ± 9 years, 37 % women) and 30 cases with UCAD (mean age 54±13 years, 36.6 % women) determined by coronary anjiography have been enrolled into the study. Exercise stress test has been carried out to the cases who are not taking medicine in each of three groups, after one day from anjiography. EST has been made to the patients who are taking medicine except nitrates and acetyl-salicylic acid one week after medicine has been stopped. Results: The rest QTD was found 30 - 90 ms (average 45 ± 9 ms) at RCAD group, 26 - 83 ms (average 40 ± 14 ms) at LCAD group and 25 - 90 ms (average 42 ± 11 ms) at UCAD group. There was not an important difference between the groups (p>0.05). After EST, QTD has been calculated 35 - 109 ms (average 57±15 ms) at RCAD, 33 - 84 ms (average 50±13 ms) at LCAD and 29 - 88 ms (average 55±11 ms) at UCAD. It has been watched that there isn’t meaningful difference statistically in rest corrected QTD (QTcD) in each of the three groups. (at the group of RCAD; 45±9 ms, at LCAD; 44±11 ms, at UCAD; 43±10 ms, p>0.05). In the measures of the thirth minute after EST, QTcD increased similarly in each groups and there is not meaningful differencebetween the groups (at RCAD group 67±16 ms, at LCAD group 60±19 ms, at UCAD group 62±17 ms, p>0.05). Conclusion: Consequently, between patients which is RCAD, LCAD and patients which is UCAD it has been observed that QTD and QTcD have not shown a meaningful difference between the measure of rest and three minutes after EST. These findings supported that involved coronary vessel is more effective than coronary artery dominance on QTD.

Aim: The craniocervical junction represents an anatomical region subject to disturbances resulted from anatomical variations as well as numerous syndromes. The aim of the present work is to investigate the variations of Atlas and Axis that can cause pathological symptoms in the craniocervical region. Metod: With this purpose, we examined adult specimens of 36 Atlas and 24 Axis from different age groups, which presented in our laboratories. Results: Some characteristic variants reported previously were observed, which showed parallel incidence with the literature. The incidence of arthrotic manifestations imitating variants were found to be lower than those of the literature. Conclusion: we might expect that in our population, the headache and neck pain resulted from the arthrotic formations of the atlas and the axis occurs in lower incidence in term of the other populations. This result should be supported by further studies.

Objective: Vitamin C is known to effect the cerebral development of the fetus, takes part in the synthesis of collagen and has antioxidant activities. Therefore we aimed to study the plasma vitamin C concentrations in a group of pregnant women living in central Gaziantep. Methods: Plasma vitamin C concentrations of 378 pregnant women between the ages of 14-44 were determined photometrically by 2,4-dinitrophenyl hydrazin method. Furthermore, in a subgroup (n= 90) of pregnant women, plasma vitamin C concentrations were determined in both first and third trimesters. Subjects who had an important illness or under medication which could affect vitamin C levels were excluded. Results: Mean plasma vitamin C concentration was (x±SD) 1.14±0.48 mg/dl (95 %CI:1.10-1.18) in the whole group. Plasma vitamin C concentrations were not different significantly between three trimesters of the pregnancy (p>0.5). In the examination of the vitamin C levels in the pregnant women followed both in the first and the last trimester; plasma vitamin C concentrations were not significantly changed with gestational age. Conclusion: Vitamin C consumption of pregnant women living in central Gaziantep and covered by this study is adequate and vitamin C deficiency related adverse effects are not seen.

: With this study; we aimed to document the tumors of bone and soft tissue in Van Lake region and to find out if there is correlation with patients gender and age, and if these tumors have local features such as localization and size. Method: For this purpose, our pathology archive was reviewed to document the malign and benign mesenchymal tumors of extremities, distribution of age and gender and the size of the tumors were appraised. Results: Of 19130 biopsy material received until July 2000, 67 comprised malign mesenchymal tumors and 39 of this 67 malign mesenchymal tumors were localized bone and soft tissue malign neoplasms. The rate of malign neoplasms of soft tissue and bone in all cancer cases was 3.5 % in males and 4.9 % in females. The male-female ratio of malign neoplasms of extremities was 1.29 (22/17). Malign fibrous histiocytoma was mostly localized in legs, bone and cartilage malign tumors were especially common in the femur. The most striking fact in age distribution was that malign fibrous histiocytoma was common in the 7th and 8th decades and osteosarcoma in the 2nd and 3rd decades. The number of benign mesenchymal tumors was 183. The male-female ratio of these cases was 1.31 (104/79) . Approximately ¼ (51/183) of the tumors were lipomas. Conclusion: The data were consistent with the current knowledge about mesenchymal tumors.

Primary hyperparathyroidism is caused by the overproduction of parathyroid hormone by one or more parathyroid glands that usually results in hypercalcemia. Most patients with primary hyperparathyroidism have solitary parathyroid adenomas; others may have diffuse hyperplasia, and rarely carcinoma. Surgery is the only effective treatment of primary hyperparathyroidism, and most of the symptoms respond favorably to operation. Presence of more than four parathyroid glands or ectopic localization are the main factors contributing to persistent or recurrent primary hyperparathyroidism. The incidence of truely intrathyroidal (parathyroid gland should be circumferentially surrounded by the thyroid parenchyma) localization is extremely rare. The incidence of five or more parathyroid glands is quite high, especially in the multiple endocrine neoplasia syndromes.We performed 20 neck explorations in 19 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism. In this study, we presented 3 of our cases, one of which showed localization anomaly, as a true intrathyroidal localization and caused persistant primary hyperparathyroidism, other two cases had 5 and 6 parathyroid glands.

A rare case of transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder in a 20-year-old male is presented. The main finding was painless hematuria for 2-3 months. Cystoscopic examination revealed a papillary lesion on the superiolateral side of the right orifice. Transurethral resection was performed, and pathological findings were low grade transitional cell carcinoma without invasion ( pT1, grade 1). Transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder is uncommon in the first 4 decades of life. Although the incidence of tumor progression is known to be low and these patients have a good prognosis, bladder tumor should be suspected, regardless of age, when symptoms are present

Glycosylated hemoglobins(GHb) are formed through progressive glycosylation of HbAo B-chains in proportion to blood glucose concentration. HbA1c is commonly used to assess long-term blood glucose control in patients with diabetes mellitus, because the HbA1c value has been shown to predict the risk for the development of many of the chronic complications in diabetes. There are currently four principal glycohaemoglobin assay techniques (ion-exchange chromatography, electrophoresis, affinity chromatography and immunoassays). The ranges indicating good and poor glycaemic control can vary markedly between different assays. Therefore optimal use of HbA1c testing requires standardisation. Values of GHb do not only depend on the blood glucose level but also on red cell lifespan. Clinicians should know that a variety of factors have been shown to directly influence HbA1c values, e.g. iron deficiency anaemia, chronic renal failure and shortened red blood cell life span. In this paper, nonenzymatic glycoylation of hemoglobins is discussed in detail in the light of literature findings.