Objectives: This study was conducted to prevalence and risk factors of obesity among married women living in squatter neighborhood Material and Methods: This descriptive study was made in June 2007 on 130 married women living around the region of the health center No. 33, featured a slum area. The methods used in the evaluation of data obtained from the study were correlation, regression and chi-square test. All of the married women were asked to participate to our study, but 130 women accepted to take part in the questionnarie. Statistical analyses were undertaken using SPSS version 13. Descriptive analysis, correlation, regression and Chi-square (?²) test were used for statistical evaluation. Results: The mean age of these women in this study is 35.95 ± 9465. It was found out that 38.5% of the women in this study were in age group of 26 and 35, income of 58.5% of them was less than their expense, 82.3% of them were primary school graduate, 22.3% had a chronic disease and 15.4% used drug continuously and 48.5% fed two times per day. It was discovered that the mean BMI value of these women was 28.15 ± 5.401 and 31.5% of them had a BMI value 30 and over and the mean waist circumference value was 86.78 ± 12.911 cm and 43.8% of them had an obese waist circumference value higher than 88 cm. It was figured out that there was a positive significant relationship between these women’s age, waist circumference value, pregnancy, birth, living children, people living in the house and the number of meals taken (r=0,449 p=0.000, r=0.708 p=0.000, r=0.352 p=0.000, r= 0.349 p=0.000, r=0.355 p=0.000, r=0.215 p=0.0014, r=0.173 p=0.049 respectively). It was found out that there was a significant relationship between body mass index and chronic illness and continues drug use (X2 =8.131, p= 0.006, X2 =11.547, p= 0.001 respectively). Conclusion: In our study, the obesity has emerged as a major problem in the women in reproductive age group, living in the slum area.

Objectives: Suicidal behavior is based on the aim of selfharm which is result of heavy emotional and communicational problems. Almost 95% of these attempts are in the form of poisoning. The purpose of our study is to evaluate childhood poisoning committed with suicidal aim. Materials and Methods: The records of 90 patients admitted to our pediatric emergency department with suicidal drug intoxication between 1-1-2010 and 31-12-2010 were evaluated retrospectively. Results: Total of 470 childhood patients were evaluated and 90 (%19.1) of them were admitted for suicidal attempt. All 90 patients were between 10 and 15 years old and medium age was 14.09±1.18 and 78; 86.7% were girls. Most of the patients were admitted in October (n: 14; 15.5%). The most used drugs were analgesics-antipyretics (n: 35; 39.3%) and drugs affecting central nervous system (n: 14; 15.5%). At the admission 78.8% of the patients didn’t have any symptoms, 12.2% had central nervous system symptoms, 5.5% had gastrointestinal system symptoms and 3.3% had gastrointestinal system symptoms. The most frequent cause was friendship relation problems 32.2%. Most of patients were treated in our clinic. Only 11.1% of the patients were admitted to intensive care. Conclusions: Suicide in childhood is an important social problem; more preventive studies in family and school are needed.

Objective: To determine the effect of high-voltage pulsed galvanic stimulation (HVPGS) on the motor development and spasticity in the children with spastic diplegic type cerebral palsy (CP). Materials and Methods: 18 children with spastic diplegic CP divided into two groups as control and experimental. The control group received general physical therapy 3 times per week for 6 weeks. The study group received HVPGS on the quadriceps muscle in addition to the general physiotherapy. Children's motor development level was evaluated with Gross Motor Function Measure, movement quality Gross Motor Performance Measure (GMPM), lower extremity range of motion goniometer, muscle force manual muscle testing, hamstring shortness measuring tape, and hamstring spasticity with Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS). Also children’s walking distance during one minute and number of steps taken were recorded. Results: The experimental group showed better improvement than the control group in terms of GMPM, knee extension degree, quadriceps muscle strength, hamstring spasticity and shortness values (p<0.05). Conclusion: Physiotherapy combined with HVPGS developed muscle strength and motor function better than conventional physiotherapy by regulating the muscle tone. Therefore combination therapy could be more effective in children with spastic diplegic CP.

Objective: Tuberculin response is a delayed type hypersensitivity reaction that is suppressed in atopic diseases. The aim of our study was to investigate the relation between the severity of asthma and tuberculin response. Materials and Methods: The study population included 52 asthma patients and 20 healthy volunteers who have similar demographic features. The severity of asthma was devided into four groups according to the classification of the Global Initiative for Asthma. The patients were asked for tuberculosis and atopy history and family history of active or passed tuberculosis. Deltoid area was watched for BCG scars. Tuberculin skin test was administered and the diameter of the induration was measured after 72 hours. Serum total Ig E level and eosinophil count was measured. Results: No significant correlation was observed betweeen study and control groups for PPD induration, eosinophil count and tuberculin response (p>0.05). In study population serum total Ig E level was higher than the control group (p<0.05). For BCG positive patients no significant relationship was detected about Tuberculin Skin Test induration means between the study and control groups. When the patients were divided into four groups according to severity of asthma no correlation has occurred between the groups for Tuberculin Skin Test enduration, eosinofil count, total Ig E and tuberculin response. For BCG positive patients no significant relationship was detected about Tuberculin Skin Test enduration means between the four subgroups of patients. Conclusion: In our study we did not find any correlation between tuberculin response, eosinophil count, total Ig E level and severity of asthma for asthma disease.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of Amifostine on acute radiotherapy effects and tolerability. Materials and Methods: 48 patients with head and neck carcinoma were included in the study. Amifostine was applied to 24 patients out of 48 patients. 300 mg/m2 Amifostin in 150 cc NaCl was given during 15 minutes via intra venous injection for 15 minutes before each conventional fraction of radiotherapy. Median total tumor was 68 (60-70) Gy. Median follow up is 7 months. Radiotherapy-related acute morbidity was scored according to EORTC/RTOG acute morbidity scoring criteria. Results: Grade 1-2 and Gr 3 mucositis, 50%, 12.5%’ e 58.3%, 16.6%, Gr1-2 dermatitis 45.8%, 20.8%’e 54.1%, 20.8%. Gr 1-2 and Gr3 disphagia 45.8% and 12.5% have been found in both groups. Grade 1-2 and grade 3 xerostomia 66.6%, 20.8% ‘e 75%, 25% were observed. In terms of statistic there weren’t any significant differences determined in both groups. Conclusion: 300 mg/m2 Amifostine has been found tolerable.

Objective: Before the concept of the perforator flap, methods such as secondary intention, skin grafting, primary closure, random pattern transposition, and rotation flaps had been used to treat wounds such as pilonidal sinus, hidradenitis suppurativa and pressure sores. In this study the advantages of gluteal artery perforator flaps for the reconstruction of perineal and gluteal region are discussed. Materials and Methods: Between dates August 2011 and August 2014, seventeen patients with perianal and gluteal region defects were operated using gluteal artery perforator flaps. Twenty-five flaps were used, eight of the patients necessitated two flaps. Fifteen of the 25 flaps were SGAP, while nine were IGAP. One patient with trochanteric and ischial pressure sores was reconstructed with m. biceps femoris flap for his trochanteric sore. Results: Among these 17 patients with gluteal and perineal wounds, eleven had pressure sores, two had hidradenitis suppurativa, two had pilonidal sinus, one had post-burn contracture in the gluteal sulcus and the last one had nevus sebaceous. All flaps survived. The mean follow up period was 11,7 months (range 9-20 months). No early or late complications were evident. Conclusions: It is our conclusion that the SGAP and IGAP flaps are useful tools for the soft tissue reconstruction of perineal and gluteal region.

Objective: The conventional esophagectomy techniques are being used for esophageal cancer for years. Herein, we present seven patients that we applied minimally invasive esophagectomy technique, which is widely used in recent years, in our clinic with literature review. Material and Method: In this study, we presented seven cases with early stage SCC that had been admitted to our clinic between December 2013 and April 2014. A three stage surgery was performed. Thoracic esophagus was completely liberalized by the method of right thoracoscopic 4 trocars. The stomach was converted into a tube laparoscopically by endo GIA via entering abdomen with 4 ports. Proximal esophagus was found and pulled up following left cervical incision. Single layer anastomosis was performed for esophagogastrostomy. Results: 7 patients were included to the study, 5 of them were female and 2 were male; and their ages varied from 53 to 69 years (mean age: 58.57 ± 7.1 years). The surgery was performed in 5 patients with thoracoscopic-laparoscopic approach and completed with cervical anastomosis. One of the patients was applied abdominal laparotomy, and another one was applied mini laparotomy. Chylothorax, which we rarely encounter, developed in two patients during open surgery. One of these two patients died after surgery. Conclusion: Minimally invasive techniques are increasingly recognized in esophageal surgery as well as in other areas. Minimally invasive esophagectomy, which can be applied after basic training and learning period in the centers with high patient potential, is a method as no more difficult than open surgery techniques. Nevertheless, the experience and the right approach to complications on time will significantly influence the success of the technique.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the rate of neonatal mortality and also to establish the possible causes of mortality in our neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Material and Methods: In this study, neonates who died during hospitalization in NICU between 1st January 2012 and 31st December 2014 were evaluated retrospectively. Risk factors, causes and rate of neonatal mortality were determined. Results: During the three years, 1074 patients admitted in our clinic and 31 of them died. The proportion of premature neonates 71%, proportion of term neonates 29% were determined. Mortality rate was 2.8%. The proportion of neonates who died in the first week was 71%, who died after first week was 29%. The common causes of neonatal mortality were prematurity and Respiratory Distress Syndrome (32%), congenital anomalies (29%), sepsis (16%), and other causes were respiratory problems (9%), congenital heart diseases (6%), perinatal asphyxia (6%), and metabolic diseases (3%). Conclusion: The most common causes of neonatal mortality were prematurity, infections and congenital anomalies. Prevention of premature labor, common and sufficient antenatal care and sufficient delivery room conditions could help to decrease neonatal mortality.

Objective: Assessment of the business places in Van’s Organized Industrial State (OIS) according to the public health, in accordance with the obtained results, to develop new recovery suggestions. Material and Methods: It is a descriptive study. The research is completed between 23nd and 30th of June 2014 in OIS. There were 111 recorded business places in OIS, 59 of them were working actively. This study was conducted in 55 business places working actively that agreed to participate to this study. 32-item questionnaire was applied with face to face interview technique by researchers. The data that obtained from the interview forms were analyzed by SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) with Windows 11.0. Results: The 40% (n=22) of the business places are in construction field, 27.3% (n=15) of them in food filed, the rest of them are in other sectors. The 49.1% (n=27) authorized people who were interviewed had been graduated from graduate school, 36.4% (n=20) of them from high school, 14.6% (n=8) of them had been graduated from elementary or middle school. According to the interviews; the76.4% (n=42) of the businesses were doing environment analysis. 92.9% (n=39) of the businesses were evaluating these results. 81.8% (n=45) of the businesses were applying environmental awareness programs. It is also said that the 92.7% (n=51) of the businesses were doing “Risk Assessment and Analysis” studies. Conclusion: According to the Occupational Health and Safety law the most of the businesses in OIS are tend to obey the regularity, self-betterment and self-improvement.

Objective: This study was conducted to determine hygiene and health habits of cleaning staffs at YYU Dursun Odabas Medical Center. Material and Method: This descriptive study was conducted with 118 of the 315 cleaning staff working in the university hospital, during May-June 2014. A questionnaire consisting of 44 questions was used, the data entry and analysis was made in SPSS 13.0, and Chi square test was used for the comparison of qualitative data. Results: Of the participants, 7.6% were females, 92.4% were males and average age was 37.73±7.84. Of the research group 5.1% were only literate, 32.2% were primary school graduates, 28.8% were secondary school graduates, 28.0% were high school graduates, 5.9% were college and university graduates and 63.6% of them worked in this business over 6 years. Of the cleaning staff 49.2% reported they had been trained before recruitment and 81.42% reported they had been trained after recruitment. It was found that, 42.4%, 27.1%, 11.1% of cleaning staff weren’t washing their hands before toilet, before contact with patient, after contact with patient respectively. Of the participants, 24.5% had received at least one dose of the hepatitis B vaccine, 12.7% had received tetanus vaccine and 14.4% had received flu vaccine. Conclusion: In our study, the rate of correct answers to questions about the disease transmission is high. But rate of correct cleaning behavior is low. The regular training will be useful to avoid infection and to reduce the spread of infections. Studies evaluating the habit of hand washing under observation should be made. And also the introduction of a rapid vaccination program will be useful to reduce the risks.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the fracture resistance of experimental dentin posts and fiber posts cemented with different luting agents. Materials and Methods: In this study 40 mandibular premolar teeth, which had no caries, root fracture or cracks and had mature apex, had been used. The crowns of the teeth were cut and the root canal shaping were completed gently with Mtwo rotary system with the file size of #25.06. The root canals were filled with MMSeal and Gutta Percha by using lateral compaction.The post cavities were prepared with the drills of Reforpost systems in depth of 8mm. Subsequently, the samples were seperated randomly in 4 different groups. 1. Group: Experimental dentin post + Panavia F2.0 2. Group: Fiber post + Panavia F2.0 3. Group: Experimental dentin post + Clearfill DC Core Plus(Kuraray, Japan) 4. Group: Fiber post + Clearfill DC Core Plus After the posts were cemented. The core restorated with Majesty Esthetic packable composite is 4 mm high. Clearfill SE bonding agent was used. The samples were placed inside the acrylic blocks by creating artifical periodontal ligament. Maximum fracture resistance was measured by applying vertical strength to the samples using the Instron testing machine. Results: Once the samples were evaluated regarding the fracture resistance, no significant difference had been observed between group 4 and group 2. Moreover, no significant difference had been observed between group 1 and group 3. However, 2nd and 4th groups showed significantly more resistance then the groups 1 and 3. Conclusion: As the result of the study, that fiber posts have significant difference fracture resistance then experimental dentin posts. Moreover, the cementation material doesn't make a significant difference over the results.

Objective: The Objective of the study is to analyze the first 200 percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL) cases in our clinic in two periods and to present the factors which affect the success of PNL. Material and Method: The first 200 PNL operations in our clinic between August 2010 and July 2012 were divided in two groups of 100 for each. The data of two groups were compared statistically. The preoperative and demographic data of all cases were taken into consideration. Additionally the cases were compared in terms of stone localization, operation duration, scope duration, nephrostomy duration, preoperative hemoglobin and hematocrit rates, postoperative hemoglobin and hematocrit rates, access being singular our multiple, complication rates, transfusion rates and the rate of being stone-free. Patients in all groups were taken into evaluation considering the presence of a residual stone and were examined with multivariate analysis. In variety analysis the risk factors that affect the residual stones, such as area, age and access count were evaluated with Logistic Regression Analysis. Results: As the data of the first and second period were compared operation duration, scope duration and nephrostomy duration, and postoperative hematocrit and hemoglobin values were significantly different. Stone localization displays advanced significance compared to residual stone. In cases without residual stone middle, lower pelvis rate is high and in the cases with residual stone Staghorn and multiple calyx localization rate are significantly high. Conclusion: PNL success in stones with Staghorn and multiple calyx localization is lower compared to stones with other size and localization in terms of residual stone.

Objective: In this study we aimed to present the demographic, hematological and biochemical parameters of patients with megaloblastic anemia. Materials and Methods: 34 cases were included in the study. The age, gender, bone marrow biopsy results, complete blood count levels (haemoglobin, leukocyte, platelets, MCV, RDW), LDH, vitamin B12, folic acid, bilirubin levels were analyzed retrospectively. SPSS program was used for statistical analysis. Results: There were 24 female and 10 male cases. The mean value of age was 52 (17-91) years. All cases had anemia, were vitamin B12 deficient and in all cases LDH was above the normal range. MCV was in 14 patients (38.2%) and indirect bilirubin was in 17 patients (50%) between normal ranges. RDW value was higher than normal in 21 patients (64.7%). Conclusion: Although MCV and indirect bilirubin levels tend to be generally higher in patients with megaloblastic anemia, in a considerable amount of patients they can be between normal ranges. In contrast to MDS and aplastic anemia patients with macrocytosis, RDW levels are prone to be higher in megaloblastic anemia patients.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of recombinant follicle stimulating hormone (rFSH) and clomiphene used for ovulation induction in patients undergoing intrauterine insemination (IUI) treatment on pregnancy rates. Materials and Methods: The retrospective study included 102 menstrual cycles in which IUI treatment was performed. To achieve ovulation induction, clomiphene citrate and rFSH were administered in two distinct groups. The two groups were compared in terms of demographic characteristics, diagnosis, and treatment outcomes. Results: The two groups had similar pregnancy rates. In the clomiphene citrate group, periovulatory endometrium was thinner than 7 mm. The correlation between periovulatory endometrium thickness and pregnancy rate was similar in both groups. Conclusion: Application of clomiphene citrate and rFSH led to similar pregnancy rates in women undergoing IUI treatment. No difference was found in the pregnancy rates in women with a periovulatory endometrium thickness of <7 mm.

Objective: Aim of the study is to evaluate relationship between caries incidence, age and number of pregnancy in female patients at a specific range of age that visited our clinic. Material and Method: 313 volunteer female patients from 19-45 ages living in Van region that visited our clinic for dental complaints are involved in the study. Patients obtained information about the study and accepted to involve. After routine clinical and radiological examinations, DMF values, ages and number of pregnancies of the patients are saved as data. Relationship between age, number of pregnancy and all units of DMF index is investigated. Results: According to Pearson’s correlation analysis, total DMFT value had a high positive correlation between both age (r=0,92) and number of pregnancy (r=0,995). Individual analysis showed that except the relationship between number of pregnancy and number of filled teeth (r=0,013) and between age and number of decayed teeth (r=0,082); all units DMF have positive correlation between age and number of pregnancy. Conclusion: Age and number of pregnancy induces caries incidence providing different effects on the units of DMFT index.

Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is one of the treatment options with end-stage renal failure and peritonitis is the most important complication. The peritonitis cases due to Klebsiella pneumoniae are rare and difficult to treat. We have presented a successfully treated Klebsiella pneumoniae peritonitis with application ceftazidime despite the increase in resistant strains.

Alpha 1 antitrypsin (AAT) is a glycoprotein which is synthesized by liver cells. AAT deficiency is the most commonly seen genetic cause of childhood liver diseases and adulthood lung emphysema. AAT gene is localized on chromosome 14q32.19. The most common seen variant is PIZZ allele which is formed by inserting lysine instead of glutamate at position 342. Here, molecular genetic testing is performed for our case with chronic obstructive lung disease for 10 years. There were widespread emphysematous views and laboratory findings that support AAT deficiency. In our case, homozygote PIZZ allele (mutant allele) has been detected on AAT gene. In this case report, the importance of genotyping at the diagnosis and treatment of AAT deficiency is emphasized.

Ventriculoperitoneal shunt is the most common method used in the treatment of hydrocephalus. Anal protrusion is a rare complication of ventriculoperitoneal shunt occurring after the perforation of intestinal system. If early diagnosis is not established, severe ventriculitis and sepsis may develop ascending infection from gasrointestinal flora migrating thorough the catheter. In the present case, we introduced a patient with anal protrusion of the distal part of a ventriculoperitoneal shunt caused by colon perforation 40 months after the surgery, in whom the catheter was removed by surgical intervention.

Actinomycosis is a bacterial infection in human beings that can affect cervicofacial, abdominal and thoracic areas. Despite being one of the host bacteria of the oral flora, it may gain pathogenicity by the effect of predisposing factors and may show different clinical pictures. In this case report, a decrease has been detected in the complaints of postoperative cough of the patient treated with tonsillectomy due to repeated episodes of tonsillitis and reported as tonsillar actinomycosis as a result of postoperative pathology. It is suggested that the pathology of tonsillar actinomycosis may be found in etiology of chronic cough. The relationship between the presence of chronic cough and repeated episodes of tonsillitis due to tonsillar actinomycosis has been discussed in this article.

Renal artery dissection, is a rare condition diagnosed in trauma and non-trauma patients. Depending on the mechanism of trauma, disruption of partial or total renal perfusion is caused by intimal tear and arterial thrombosis. Although more diagnoses are made by commonly used computed tomography (CT) in trauma patients, there is controversy whether arterial revascularization, nephrectomy or non-operative therapy is the optimal management. In our case report, we presented a multi-trauma patient who applied to our emergency department with right side pneumothorax, liver contusion and right renal artery dissection and nephrectomy has been applied as the treatment.

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia is a common B-cell neoplasia. This study discusses the case of a patient treated in our clinic due to CLL with destructive lesion in the localization of soft plate, uvula and tonsils induced by CLL who has been in remission after medical treatment. It has been determined that adhesion and air passage through the nasopharynx and the soft palate are blocked after the treatment. It has been presented because this case is a rare situation in the literature.

Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is an aerobe, non-fermentative Gram negative basil which can cause resistant nosocomial infections. S. maltophilia is more resistant rather than many antibiotics due to its genes which code enzymes and active pumps which inactivate beta-lactamase, aminoglycoside acetyl transferase and erythromycin. Thus, several resistance problems occur in treatment. In our case, in the right ear culture of 52 years old female patient who has flix and hearing loss in both of her ears for 8 years; resistant Stenotrophomonas maltophilia was isolated. This case is presented in order to research the role of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia strains that come into prominence gradually in especially nosocomial infections and infections that show multi-resistance development and thus to present the resistance situation to antibiotics.

Choanal polyps are rarely seen and they rarely comprise clinical signs of dysphagia and dyspnea. 21-year-old female patient with the complaints of dysphagia caused by ethmochoanal polyp was presented and discussed with the literature. 21-year-old female patient who had dysphagia and feeling of mass in the throat for 3 months was admitted to our clinic. Endoscopic nasal examination revealed polypoid mass originating from the posterior side of middle turbinate and extending to the oropharynx. In treatment, patient underwent limited sinus surgery and polypoid mass was totally excised by posterior ethmoidectomy. Ethmochoanal polyps is an extremely rare cause of dysphagia and choanal polyps should be kept in mind in the differential diagnosis of dysphagia.

Kyphoscoliosis is a progressive disease advancing with age. It is a rare developmental deformity caused by abnormal drop of the back and sides of the spinal vertebral segment. In this presentation we present our experience of spinal anesthesia in a female patient with severe kyphoscoliosis and cardiac arrhythmias who was operated due to left femoral head fracture. We believe that spinal anesthesia in an elderly patient with kyphoscoliosis is a good alternative to general anesthesia for reduction or prevention of hemodynamic and respiratory complications.

Neural-tube defects, anencephaly and spina bifida, constitute one the most common congenital malformation of the group. The etiology of neural tube defects is largely unknown, but genetic and environmental factors are being investigated. 65% of anencephalic cases are ex during intrauterine life. The antenatal diagnosis of anencephaly requires the termination of pregnancy. These fetuses usually die in the first 24 hours after birth. In this article we present a case of anencephaly and neural tube defect with expected mortality but being discharged, focusing on the importance of folic acid.

Difficult airway management is a major problem for the anesthesiologist. It is often observed in the operating rooms and outside hospital trauma patients. Some tests are available to pre- determine the intubation difficulty. The questioning of previous anesthetic experience, laryngoscopic evaluation, sterno-mental distance, anterior mandibular region anatomy, the extension degree of the head, radiological examination, computerized imaging are some of the methods used. In this article, we shared our difficult airway experience that we encountered, depending on ductus thoracicus injury after thyroidectomy.

Endotracheal intubation is frequently administered to patients with respiratory failure in intensive care units in order to provide patients with artificial ventilation. Following the recovery from the medical situation that requires the intubation of the patient, the endotracheal tube should be removed. However sometimes it is removed deliberately or accidentally in an untimely manner and outside medical reasons. This situation, which is defined as unplanned extubation, is an important indication of patient care quality and patient security. Intensive care nurses who are responsible for the close observation and care of patients have important responsibilities in preventing unplanned extubation.

Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension is an uncommon complication of acute pulmonary embolus, with serious mortality and morbidity. Right ventricular dilatation and dysfunction develops against the high resistance in the pulmonary vascular bed. Because of presenting signs and symptoms are nonspecific the diagnosis delays. The diagnostic evaluation confirms the diagnosis of CTEPH. The mainstay of therapy is surgery, namely PTE. Use of pulmonary arterial hypertension modifying agents may improve hemodynamics and functional capacity but their role is yet to be determined and mortality is high. The use of percutaneous pulmonary angioplasty may improve hemodynamics and functional capacity in patients who are not surgical candidates.

Right atrium plays a key role in medical situation such as implantation of permanent heart pacemaker with variant feature, percutaneous closure of atrial septal defect and radio frequency and cryo ablation used for rhythm disturbance with current development in medicine. In this paper, we aim to provide information about the importance of anatomy of the right atrium and right atrium structure that plays a key role for these processes.