Aim: Hepatitis B is a major health problem in our country as well as in the world. We aimed to investigate HBsAg, AntiHCV ve AntiHIV seroprevalence in young college students who admitted from geographically different locations of our country. Methods: HBsAg, AntiHCV ve AntiHIV tests by chemilluminesence method were obtained from a total of 1000 college students admitted for routine check-up who were between 18-22(median:20) years. Results: Of patients, 548 were male (55%) and 452 were female (45%). HBsAg was positive in 6 people (0.60%). Of these, 2 were from Southeastern Anatolian, 2 from Central Anatolian, 1 from Eastern Anatolian and 1 from Aegean regions respectively. No AntiHCV or AntiHIV seropositivity was detected. Conclusion: We found HBsAg positivity rates lower than previous studies and similar to those recent studies, as well as did not detect AntiHCV and AntiHIV. Because admitted students come from different locations of Turkey, our findings are considerable as reflecting regional data.

Aim: By the common use of combined treatment for head and neck cancers, side effects during and after treatment became a serious problem. Side effects depends on numerous factors such as total dose, fraction dose, treatment volume, total treatment time, stage of disease, timing of radiotherapy and surgery, surgical techniques and chemotherapy. A prospective observational study was initiated in our clinic on patients with head and neck tumors to investigate the effect of glutamine on quality of life (QOL) in september 2009. Material and methods: Randomly selected 31 cases using glutamine 30 gr/d who underwent primary or postoperative radiotherapy or chemotherapy were included in this study. They were evaluated with QLQC30 and H & N35 QOL survey. QLQC30 and H&N35 questionnaires were filled at baseline and during treatment once a week, 1 month after treatment under physician observation. Results: There was no statistical significance in overall or global score, physical function, mouth opening impairment or weight change. Pain, difficulty swallowing, sensory disturbances, speech disorders, dental problems, dry mouth, and salivary viscosity were found to be statistically significant. Conclusion: The desired results aiming improvement in QOL could not be achieved with the use of glutamine in our study. Further placebo-comparative, prospective, and randomized studies with larger patient numbers are needed. Otherapy

Objective: Adenotonsillar hypertrophy is a common cause of upper airway obstruction in children in the age group of 2-12 years. It is strongly associated with obstructive manifestations. Mean platelet volume (MPV) is one of the platelet activation markers. It reflects the platelet production rate which increases in hyopxia.We aimed to evaluate the relationship between MPV levels and adenotonsillar hypertrophy. Materials and Methods: Sixty-seven patients which were operated after the diagnosis of adenotonsillar hypertrophy and 41 age and sex matched healthy subjects were enrolled to the study. Comparative multivariate analyses between indicator factors and adenotonsillar hypertrophy were conducted. Results: Patients and control group were similar in terms of age and gender. MPV and platelet distribution width (PDW) levels of the patients with adenotonsillar hypertrophy were significantly higher than the control group (p<0,001), (p<0,001) respectively. Conclusion: As a conclusion, MPV may be helpful for the clinicians to evaluate adenotonsillar hypertrophy which may cause many cardiovascular complications due to obstruction and hypoxia. We should not overlook MPV values while evaluating these patients because it may speed up operation decision to prevent its complications.

Aim: Invagination is a manifestation which is characterized by the telescoping of a proximal segment of the gastrointestinal tract into a distal segment. The aim of this study is to share our experiences of surgical treatment and diagnostic methods. Methods and Materials: The cases of 12 adult patients who underwent an operation in our general surgery clinic due to the diagnosis of invagination between 2008 and 2013 were evaluated in terms of age, gender, results, and diagnostic methods, the type of invagination, surgical methods, and the pathological causes of the invagination. Results: Of the patients with a median age of 42 (16-68), 8 (66.7%) were male and 4 (33.3 %) were female. The most common symptoms at admission to hospital were abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and constipation. Diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound imaging was 54.5 % and of computed tomography was 100 %. There were 7 (58.3%) enteroenteric and 5 (41.7%) ileocolic invagination. All the patients were treated through surgery. In 7 patients, a tumor formation was detected; 1 (14.3%) of them was malignant and 6 (85.7%) were benign. In 5 patients, there was not any pathology. There was no mortality. Conclusion: Intestinal invagination in adults is a rare condition with non-specific clinical signs. Thus it is difficult to diagnose. A delay in diagnosis and treatment may cause life-threatening perforations and other significant morbidities. For the patients who are admitted with an abdominal pain into the emergency service, if physical examination and routine tests fail to identify the cause of the abdominal pain, a possibility of invagination should be taken into consideration. Computed tomography is instructive due to its high diagnostic accuracy. Intestinal invagination in adults is treated through surgical resection.

Aim: To investigate the success of ablation and re-ablation therapy in patients with differential thyroid cancer who have failed with the first I-131 ablation therapy. Method: All of the patients with differential thyroid cancer who had undergone total or near-total thyroidectomy and who were referred for I-131 ablation therapy to the Nuclear Medicine Department between July 2007 and September 2009 were included. The patients had at least sixth months of follow-up. The patients’ records were evaluated retrospectively. The presence of residual thyroid activity on the 6th month diagnostic I-131 WBS image was accepted as “successful ablation” and the absence of residual thyroid activity was accepted as “unsuccessful ablation”. Results: 191 patients with differential thyroid cancer were assessed in this study. The overall success rate of the first, second and third ablation therapy was found as 74.3%, 75% and 100% respectively. There was no significant correlation between the patients' disease related factors and dosage of I-131 therapy. The average Tg value in group of “successful ablation” was found significantly higher than the group of “unsuccessful ablation” (p<0,005). Discussion: The expected higher rates in success of ablation therapy in patients with re-ablation cannot be obtained due to the effect of stunning. Furthermore, when Tg levels increased, it was observed that the success of ablation therapy decreased.

Objevtive: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of the combination of dexamethasone with ondansetron on postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in patients undergoing lumbar microdiscectomy. Methods: ASA I–II, sixty patients undergoing day-case lumbar microdiscectomy were randomized into three groups: group D; (n=20) 8 mg dexamethasone, group O; (n=20) 4 mg ondansetron and group P; (n=20) 8 mg dexamethasone-4 mg ondansetron. The incidence of PONV and pain, the needs of antiemetics and analgesic were recorded 3-12 and 24th hours postoperatively. Results: The incidence of postoperative nausea in the first 3 hours was shorter in group P compared with group D and group O (p<0.046 and p<0.021, respectively). During this period, rescue antiemetic use was significantly decreased in group P compared with group D and group O (p<0.030 and p<0.023, respectively). Female gender, nonsmoking, history of motion sickness or PONV were risk factors for PONV. The oral water/nutrition intake and discharge time in group P was significantly decreased compared with the other groups (p<0.012, p<0.003 and p<0.005, p<0.007, respectively). It was significantly increased in patients who experienced PONV (p<0.007 and p<0.029, respectively). Conclusion: The combination of dexamethasone with ondasetron provided earlier oral water/nutrition intake and earlier discharge time by significantly increasing the antiemetic effectiveness.

Objectives: The aim of the current study was to determine the knowledge and beliefs of guidance counselors about attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methods: Guidance counselors were given a questionnaire prior to the seminar on ADHD. A semi-structured questionnaire on ADHD was prepared for guidance counselors, after reviewing the previous studies on this topic. The content of the questionnaire form was divided into groups and participants were informed verbally and in writing that they were free to choose as many options as they wished. Results: One hundred ninety-two voluntary guidance counselors participated in the survey. The average age of the guidance counselors was 28.03±4.99 years and the average number of students they were responsible for was 985.22±840.62. The number of female guidance counselors was 92 (48.2%), while the number of male participants was 99 (51.8%). Almost half of the participating counselors (52.4%) mentioned that the frequency of ADHD was between 3% and 9%. Sixty guidance counselors (31.4%) stated that the findings completely improved, while 31 of them (16.2%) stated that the findings remained the same and 10 of them (5.2%) stated that the findings declined over time. Approximately two-thirds (62.8%) of the guidance counselors reported that ADHD was a genetically inherited disorder. Discussions: It is conspicuous that the number of students using psychiatric medication was quite low, although the average number of students per guidance counselor was rather high. Moreover, it was determined that guidance counselors had beliefs and knowledge that contrasted with the scientific findings on certain topics such as the treatment of ADHD and the intelligence level of the child. Therefore, the researchers believe that periodical meetings of the child and adolescent psychiatrists with the guidance counselors would contribute to the correction of false knowledge and beliefs.

Hydatid cyst is an endemic zoonotic disease that most frequently affect organs like the liver and the lung. Isolated involvement of retrovesical region is extraordinary. In this paper, we reported a 35-year-old case in whom chronic renal disease had occurred as a result of obstructive uropathy secondary to primary retrovesical hydatid cyst. Although ultrasonography and abdominal tomography aroused suspicion about the presence of hydatid cyst, we made the definitive diagnosis after laparatomy. Keeping in mind that total cysto-pericystectomy is the ideal method in such high-risk cases as ours, partial cystectomy is also another method, provided that protective precautions have been taken.

Measles is a disease caused by the virus of measles that leads to the complications such as acute, febrile, highly contagious, rash, pneumonia, otitis media in acute period and fatal sequelae such as late encephalitis. It is seen especially in those who are not vaccinated or do not develop the level of sufficient immunity. In order to be able to break the chain of infection, it is necessary to achieve 94% of the immunisation rate. The risk of serious complications is high in infants and adults. Pneumonia, which is responsible for approximately 60% of the deaths is more common in young patients. An adult case with the diagnosis of measles but without an underlying disease or immune suppression was presented here. It was emphasized that an effective vaccination program was not provided with this case in our country and it was aimed to think about the measles in the differential diagnosis.

Transurethral resection of bladder tumor treatment and determining the diagnosis continues to be the gold standard method. Transurethral resection of the tumor was resected and the need for cleaning both the pathological diagnosis, staging and determining prognosis and is useful for creating additional treatment options. Additional treatment planning, pathologic and radiologic staging is important. However, non-muscle-invasive superficial bladder tumor resection of the tumor, the tumor burden independently of the main treatment option. Here come with macroscopic hematuria, diagnosed radiographically, which is pretty much a case of tumor volume was discussed with the current literature ıncludes.

Autoimmune thrombocytopenia is encountered in the course of Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. But the situation thrombocytopenia is not expected in patients who are in remission. We reported a case of peripheral T-cell lymphoma in remission that developed responsive immune thrombocytopenia during ongoing treatment and/or platelet transfusions and intravenous immunoglobulin therapy.

Epidermoid cysts are those benign inclusion cysts and can rarely occur in the head and neck region. Majority of them occur in submental area. Clinically, these lesions present as slow-growing and painless mass and can reach giant dimension. Difficulty in breathing, speaking and eating are seen in most of the patients. We presented a case of giant epidermoid cyst operated by using submental approach in the floor of the mouth.

36 year-old male patient was admitted with gradually growing and pain-free swelling which persisted for approximately 2 years on the upper right side of the head. The patient had a history of head trauma 20 years ago. Patient’s neurological examination was normal. Physical examination revealed a hard and immobile lesion on the right frontoparietal region. Radiological images showed an osteoblastic and expansile calvarial lesion in the intradiploic space on the right frontoparietal region. The hyperostotic lesion was removed totally in the surgery. No infiltration was observed over the dura mater. Calvarial reconstruction was performed. “Atypical meningioma” was reported after histopathological examination. Primary intraosseus (intradiploic) meningiomas constitute a type of extradural meningiomas. They are quite rare compared with intracranial meningiomas. In the light of literature, we have discussed the etiology, clinical and radiological features, differential diagnosis and treatment modalities of primary intradiploic meningiomas by the presentation of this case.

Hemophilia is a serious disease of congenital coagulation factor deficiency and may cause arthropathy by hemarthrosis. Recurrent joint bleeding causes synovial proliferation and inflammation (haemophilic synovitis) that contribute to end-stage degeneration (haemophilic arthropathy); with pain and limitation of motion severely affecting patients’ quality of life. A proper and timely treatment can decrease morbidity in patients.