Aim: Objective is to evaluate factors as lesion type, primary malignancy, lesion quality and size in liver biopsies performed with 16G half-automatic needles and to discuss needle choice. Methods: Of 160 patients biopsied 81 were women and 79 men, the mean age being 56.0 years. Of the patients biopsied from their liver parenchyma, hepatitis B was positive in 43 and hepatitis C was positive in 13. Among the remaining 104 patients (65%), 93 had solid lesions, 10 had semisolid lesions, and one had a cystic lesion. Hepatic mass sizes varied between 2 cm and 6 cm, with a mean diameter of 3.0±1.0 cm. No serious complication was seen. Results: Secondary biopsy results were diagnostic in 10 patients with primary failure whose biopsies were accepted as false negative. Age (p=0.997), gender (p=0.056), primary malignancy (p=0.711), lesion type as malignant-benign (p=0.515), lesion size (p=0.119), hypoechoic (p=0.077), isoechoic (p=0.064), hyperechoic lesion structure (p=0.313), solid (p=0.149) or semisolid feature (p=0.614) were not effective on success as independent predictors. There were 74 true positive, 76 true negative, 10 false negative results (6 malignant and 4 benign), whereas there was no false positive result. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values and accuracy rates were found as 88.1%, 100%, 100%, 88.4% and 93.8%, respectively. Conclusion: Liver biopsies with 16G half-automatic needles were highly successful in diagnostic yield, and no effective factor was found on the success of the biopsies.

The aim of the study was to examine the effectiveness of electroacupuncture (EA) and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) in alleviating osteoarthritic (OA)-induced knee pain. Method: Between 40-70 years old, 51 female, 14 male total 65 cases with primary knee osteoarthritis included the study. 3 female and 2 male patients withdrew the study because of lost to follow up after a month treatment. No patient discontinued the study because of adverse effects. Subjects were randomly assigned to the EA, TENS, or control group. Subjects in the EA group received low-frequency EA (2 Hz) on two acupuncture groups (St-35, Liv-8) of the painful knee for 20 minutes. Subjects in the TENS group received low-frequency TENS of 2 Hz and pulse width 200 μs on the lateral and medial side of the painful knee for 20 minutes. İn both tretment groups, electrical treatment was carried out for a total of 8 sessions in 4 weeks. Day applied isometric quadriceps exercises to the control group, three times a day and every session by contracting both quadriceps muscles izometrically 20 times of 10 second periot. EA, TENS and control groups have been all given acetaminophen (3000 mg/gün) three times a day during tretment. All subjects were evaluated before the first treatment, after the last treatment, and at 4 week follow-up periods. “Western Ontario and McMaster University” (WOMAC), “Visual Analog Scale” (VAS) and “Range of Motion” (ROM) were evaluated as clinical follow up parameters. Results: In all the EA, TENS and control groups have been determined a significant recovery according to their WOMAC index and VAS scores. There was no significant increase in ROM. In one mounth follow up it was found that, this continuing recovery in EA group was significant when compared to TENS group. Conclusion: EA is usefull for OA treatment. By checking the patients after a mounth of the treatment; it was found that usefull effect of EA was significantly going on.

Surgically Induced Astigmatism after Superotemporal or Superonasal Clear Corneal Incision in Phacoemulsification Surgery Objective: To evaluate the surgically induced astigmatism after superotemporal or superonasal corneal incision in patients who underwent phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation surgery. Material and Methods: This retrospective study included 75 eyes of 72 (33 female, 39 male) patients who underwent phacoemulsification employing superotemporal or superonasal clear corneal incision at Yüzüncü Yıl University Department of Ophthalmology between January 2006 and August 2007. Of the eyes, 52 were right eye and 23 were left eye. Seventy five eyes of 72 (33 female and 39 male) patients underwent phacoemulsification surgery through a two-step clear corneal incision at 135⁰, in other words, superotemporally in right eyes and superonasally in left eyes. Access into anterior chamber was obtained using a 3,2mm slit-knife. Corneal incision was either left for self healing without suturing, or secured using a single 10-0 monofilament nylon suture. No intraoperative complication was observed. On postoperative first week, first and third month keratometric measurements were obtained. Employing Eğrilmez’s programme entitled ‘Vektör Analizi 2002’, the diopter and axis of surgically induced astigmatism were determined. Results: Our current study disclosed the lack of any statistically significance between the preoperative and postoperative cylindrical values and axis. Employing superotemporal or superonasal clear corneal incision in phacoemulsification surgery was suggested to help lowering the degree of postoperative astigmatism. Conclusion: Surgery employing superotemporal clear corneal incision induced less amount of astigmatism, when compared to surgery employing superonasal clear corneal incision.

Amaç: Koroner kalp hastalığında risk faktörlerinin tanımlanması gerek akut koroner sendromların önlenmesinde, gerekse prognozu tahmin etmede büyük önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmada akut koroner sendrom ile risk faktörü olabileceği düşünülen trombosit hacmi arasındaki ilişki araştırıldı. Materyal ve metod: Çalışmaya, 69 akut miyokard infarktüslü (AMİ), 73 kararsız angina pektoris ve 72 kararlı angina pektorisli olmak üzere toplam 214 hasta dahil edildi. Atipik göğüs ağrısı olan ve koroner anjiyografilerinde patolojik bulgu saptanmayan 45 olgu ise kontrol grubu olarak seçildi. Akut koroner sendromlu hasta grubunun kan örnekleri hastaneye yatışlarında, diğer olgularda ise hastaların rutin takiplerinde alındı. İstatistiksel analiz “Tek yönlü varyans analizi (ANOVA)” ve post-hoc Tukey HSD ile yapıldı. P< 0.05 istatistiksel olarak anlamlı kabul edildi. Bulgular: Ortalama trombosit hacmi (TH) ve trombosit sayıları sırasıyla; kararsız angina grubunda 9,0 1,0 fl ve 239,6  59,2 x 109/L, AMİ grubunda 8.9  0.8 fl ve 228.5  74.1 x 109/L, kararlı angina grubunda 7.5  0.6 fl ve 268.3  73.5 x 109/L, kontrol grubunda ise 7.2  0.6 fl ve 285.5  80.9 x 109/L olarak bulundu. Kontrol grubu ile kararsız angina ve AMİ grubu karşılaştırıldığında ortalama TH anlamlı olarak düşük, trombosit sayısı daha yüksek saptandı (sırasıyla p<0.001, p<0.001, p=0.004, p<0.001). Ortalama TH açısından; kararlı angina grubu, kararsız angina ve AMİ grubu ile karşılaştırıldığında TH anlamlı olarak daha düşük saptandı (sırasıyla p<0.001, p<0.001), kararlı angina grubu ile kontrol grubu karşılaştırıldığında anlamlı fark saptanmadı (p=0,126), kararsız angina grubu ile AMİ grubu karşılaştırıldığında anlamlı fark saptanmadı (p=0.999). Trombosit sayıları açısından; kararlı angina grubu ile kontrol grubu ve kararsız angina grubu karşılaştırıldığında trombosit sayıları anlamlı olarak farklı bulunmadı (sırasıyla p=0.586, p=0.076), kararlı angina grubu ile AMİ grubu karşılaştırıldığında trombosit sayısı anlamlı olarak yüksek saptandı (p= 0.006). Kararsız angina ile AMİ grubu karşılaştırıldığında anlamlı fark saptanmadı (p= 0.791). Sonuç: Akut koroner sendromlu hastalarda, trombosit sayılarının azaldığı ve ortalama trombosit hacimlerinin arttığı saptandı.

Fahr's syndrome revealed accumulation of calcium and various minerals in basal ganglia, cerebellum and centrum semiovale as bilateral and symmetrically. This syndrome may be linked sporadic such as radiation, systemic diseases, toxins, hypoparathroidy, pseudohipoparathroidy and hyperparathroidy also familial. 54 and 74 years old two women patients were admitted to our emergency because of loss of consciousness. The first patient had been total thyroidectomy operation 15 years ago. She didn’t use regularly calcium and vitamin D preparations for developing postoperative hypopharatroidsm. Any features did not have in the history of second case. All complaints were approximately 4 days. Fahr's syndrome was diagnosed as a result of brain imaging and laboratory studies in both cases. The etiology of our cases was responsible hypoparathroidy and pseudohyipoparatiroidi respectively. To remember the rarely seen Fahr’s syndrome in a patient with loss of consciousness state is extremely important. The cases are reported to emphasize on the importance of early diagnosis and treatment.

Some methods are used in mechanical complications of continuous ambulatuar peritoneal dialysis, such as CT peritonografi, MR peritonografi and abdominal scintigraphy. In this article, are reported subcutaneous fluid leak in catheter of Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis patients by computerized tomography. A 26 year old female patient was started peritoneal dialysis because of chronic renal insufficiency 5 years ago. Serious problem has never been any follow-up such as peritonitis. The physical examination of abdomen was determined skin edema in the lower quadrant and pubic area. This suggested to us peritoneal leakage. To detect leakage of peritoneal fluid as contrast-enhanced tomography of the abdomen was taken out after 15 minutes circulating. Subcutaneous leakage was detected by computerized tomography. Found to be present for these patients because of demonstratif computerized tomography image.

Its a case report of a 34 years old man who has Buerger’s disease diagnosed angiographically totally occluded poplital artery. The patient had a femoro-popliteal bypass with sapheneus vein graft performed and ischemic symptoms healed. The Saphenous vein graft was intact with Mr Angiogrphy 3 maonths later. In the appropriate cases peripheric by-pass operation should be applied.

Child abuse is a social and medical problem which causes serious morbidity and mortality in children. Physical abuse is the child’s or the adult’s ,who is under 18, is being physically damaged, getting hurt or running the risk of being bruised by his parents or the people responsible for his care, or by the society. This damage can emerge by hitting with hands or an object, pushing, being shaken, being burned or biting. So as to prevent the abuse, the subject should be taken into consideration individually, socially and universally. The necessary thing to prevent the child negligence and abuse is, preventive studies’ being planned, organized and applied; and it should be done by planning with various occupation groups especially towards the children who are exposed to trauma because of sexual, physical and harsh negligence, and these children’s families.