Aim: To compare efficacy of latanoprost and bimatoprost on lowering intraocular pressure (IOP) and ocular side effects in primary open angle glaucoma. Materials and Methods: Patients from our out-patient clinic with primary open angle glaucoma were evaluated retrospectively. They were divided into two groups to be treated with latanoprost or bimatoprost. Fifty eyes of 25 patients in the first group and 42 eyes of 22 patients of the second group were included. Data for changes in intraocular pressure, pacimetric measurements, ocular and systemic adverse events, visual field tests, and combined therapy and trabeculectomy requirement were evaluated and compared. Mean follow-up period was 9 months. Chi- square and one-way Anova was used for statistical analysis. Results: Significant IOP decrease was found in both groups compared to the baseline measurements. In group 1 the mean reduction in IOP from baseline was %23.72 (5.84 mmHg; SD: 2.42). One patient (4%) complaint of foreign body sensation, one patient (4%) of conjuntival hyperemia and one patient (4%) of hypertrichosis. In five patients (20%) a change to combined therapy and in two patients (8%) trabeculectomy was necessary. In group 2 the mean reduction in IOP from baseline was % 25.68 (6.00mmHgD:2.7). Six patients (28.57%) complaint of foreign body sensation, five patients (23.80%) of conjuntival hyperemia and one patient (4.76%) of hypertrichosis. In two patients a change in medication was required because of ocular symptoms. In three patients combined therapy was necessary. No patient needed trabeculectomy. Conclusion: Both drugs showed statistically significant IOP lowering effect in primary open angle glaucoma but in respect to ocular side effects latanoprost was more tolerable than bimatoprost.

Aim: To compare the maternal and perinatal outcomes of pregnant women who have abnormal 50 gr oral glucose loading (OGL) test and normal 100 gr oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) results with the ones who have gestational or overt diabetes. Material and Methods: The records of the pregnant women who had been followed and delivered with a diagnosis of any type of carbohydrate metabolism disorder at Gazi University Medical Faculty, Obstetrics and Gynecology Department between May 1997 and May 2002 were reviewed retrospectively. The patients were classified in three groups. The patients with abnormal OGL and normal OGTT were included into the group A (N=36) while gestational diabetic and overt diabetic ones were counted in group B (N=53) and group C (N=8) respectively. Results: Gestational complications such as preterm delivery, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and polyhydramnios tended to be more common in group C than groups A and B (62.5%, 12.5%, 25% in group C; 11%, 2.7%, 2.7% in group A and 13.2%, 3.8%, 1.9% in group B respectively). Cesarean section rates were higher in group C than the groups A and B (75% compared with 52.7% and 39.6%, respectively). While 12.5% of the babies of the mothers found in group C needed intensive care unit, it was 2.7% in group A and 3.8% in group B. Five minute Apgar score found to be normal in all groups. Conclusion: When the fetomaternal and neonatal results of the patients who had only abnormal OGL and received no treatment and the patients with both abnormal OGL and OGTT who received treatment were compared with the ones of overt diabetics receiving a certain treatment protocol, the results were more negative in the last group. It is striking that although the results of the first group which we are particularly interested in, seemed generally to be more favorable than the others, the complication rates were found to be statistically indifferent between them.

Aim: Foreign bodies in oesephagus (FBO) is mostly seen in childhood and when its diagnosis is delayed, they may lead to serious and fatal complications. Etiology is usually reported as incidental, however the negligence of the caregivers also plays an important role. In this study, we aimed to make an retrospective analysis of FBO cases who are 7 years of age or younger etiologically and clinically Methods: In this study, the records of 88 pediatric cases of under the age of 7 who were admitted to the Yüzüncüyıl University Medical Faculty Hospital and Elazığ State Hospital Thoracic surgery Clinics for ÖYC were retrospectively analyzed Results: Of the 88 patients, 57.9 % (51) were boys and 42.1 % (37) were girls. 87.5 % (77) of the patients were under 7 years old. The patients applied to the hospital for medical help as 34.1 % (30) of them swallowed coins, 75 % (66) of them had odinophagia and dysphagia, 54.5 % (48) of them had hypersalivation. The hospital-stay for the 62 (70.4%) of them was 24 hours. Of the total foreign body events, 56 (63.6 %) were cervical, 28 (31.8 %) were thoracic, and 4 (4.5 %) were caused by distal Esophagus. As for complications, three pneumonia, three tooth breakings and a cardiac arrhythmia were detected. Surgical removal was applied to one (1.1 %) patient. No perforation and mortality were observed as a result of esophagoscopy or foreign body. Conclusion: In the cases of FBO anamnesis and symptoms of the patient are the decisive elements in the decision of endoscopy. Endoscopic methods appear as the most reliable methods in removing FBO. The factor of negligence should also be investigated in FBO cases.

Incontinentia pigmenti (IP) is a rare X linked dominant genodermatose that can be characterized with systemic involvements. The differential diagnosis is related to the stage of the disease that has not an effective treatment. A seven-month female baby was admitted to our outpatient clinic with dark marks and ulcers on the body. There were hyperpigmented macules on the trunk; and few excoriated, crusted, vesiculobullous lesions on the dorsum of hands and lower arms. Brown-black marks were remained in the affected areas. IP was considere for diagnosis became of typical lesions. No systemic involvement was detected.

In an ectopic pregnancy, a fertilized ovum implants in an area other than the endometrial lining of the uterus. Primary ovarian pregnancy is a rare variant of ectopic pregnancy. Incidence is reported as 1/7000-1/40000. Primary ovarian ectopic pregnancy is 0,5-1 % of all ectopic pregnancies. It is difficult to diagnose clinically and even intraoperatively. It must be demonstrated with the use of Spiegelberg criteria. Ovarian pregnancy is diagnosed only after pathologic examination of the specimen.

Imaging modalities that do not use ionizing radiation (ie, ultrasonography and magnetic resonance imaging) are preferred for diagnosis of maternal and fetal illnees during pregnancy. However, radiographic imaging procedures with ionizing radiation sometimes may be required to diagnose and this condition is associated with a high level of anxiety for the pregnant women and her doctor. Lack of knowledge is responsible for probably unnecessary termination of pregnancy. The purpose of this article is to discuss the potential adverse effects of radiologic imaging modalities on pregnancy and fetus.