Aim: Lung injury may occur after the surgery involving the temporary aortic cross clamping with subsequent ischemia/reperfusion of the lower extremities. Activation of the neutrophils is known to play an important role in the ischemia/reperfusion injury .The aim of this study was to determine whether ischemia/reperfusion could have an important role on lung injury and to determine whether heparin could have a preventive effect on this injury in the rat model of abdominal aorta cross clamping. Methods: Thirty Sprague-Dawley type rats were randomized into three groups. Rats in the group A (n:10) were undertaken laparotomy and closed after dissection of the abdominal aorta without cross clamping. Rats in the group B (n:10), were also undertaken laparotomy and abdominal aorta was dissected and clamped for 3 hours, then removed for reperfusion and abdomen was closed. In the group C rats (n:10), 500 u/kg deltaparin sodium was injected subcutaneously one hour before operation and subjected to the same surgical procedures as for group B rats. All rats were sacrificed and their lungs were removed for MDA analysis and histological examination. Results: Rats in the group B have significantly higher neutrophil sequestration and lipid peroxidation product (MDA) in the lungs. The rats of group C exhibited lesser neutrophil sequestration and MDA levesl than group B. But the differencse were not statistically significant. Conclusion: It is concluded that cross clamping of the abdominal aorta increases the neutrophil sequestration and augments the lung injury process. Heparin exhibited not significantly lesser neutrophil sequestration and MDA level.

End-stage renal disease patients are known to have a higher frequency of elevated anticardiolipin antibodies (aCL) compared with the general population. The aims of this study were to assess the prevalence of IgG and IgM aCL positivity in HD to identify any existing correlation between aCL level and HCV infection. Thirty HD patients (17 men, 13 women) were included in the study. The HD patients’ mean age and mean duration of dialysis were 43.4± 12.4 years and 17.4±8.1 months, respectively. The patients were tested for prevalence of anti hepatitis C virus antibodies and also the quantitative determination of anticardiolipin antibodies of IgG and IgM classes were made using an immunometric enzyme immunoassay. Results are expressed as mean ± SD. The aCL-positive and -negative groups were compared using the Chi-square test, and Student’s t test was used to compare differences between aCL levels. The mean IgG aCL and IgM aCL levels and percentage of aCL positivity did not differ significantly between anti HCV positive and negative patients. The respective mean IgG aCL and IgM aCL results in anti HCV positive patients were 4.9 ± 2.6 GPL U/mL and 5.9 ± 6.5 MPLU/mL, whereas corresponding values for anti-HCV negative patients were 4.4 ±2.8 GPLU/mL and 9.4 ±6.4 MPL/mL (P > .05). There were also no significant aCL differences between anti–HCV-positive and anti–HCV-negative dialysis patients.

Aim: In this study Serratia spp which were received from different clinics and policlinics of our hospital were investigated according to their species, clinics and regions where they were isolated and their antibiotic susceptibilities. Method: In order to isolate the strains we used conventional culture methods. Sceptor Gram negative ID Panells (Becton Dickinson-USA) were used to make identification and antimicrobial susceptibility tests. Results: 116 Serratia spp. were isolated consisting of 43.97% (51) Serratia odorifera, 39.65% (46) S. marcescens, 12.07% (14) S. liquefaciens and 4.31% (5) S. plymutica. The Serratia species isolated at the highest ratios from the specimens of the clinics of pediatrics were 62.75% S. odorifera, 41.3% of S. marcescens, 57.14% of S. liquefaciens, 40% of S. plymutica. According to the infections they caused; 74.52% of S. odorifera, 34.79% of S. marcescens, 42.86% of S. liquefaciens were isolated from urine samples and 60% of S. plymutica were isolated from wound samples. S. odorifera spp. were sensitive to amikacin, norfloxacin, imipenem, ciprofloxacin and gentamicin, 96.15%, 94.59%, 88.89%, 87.27% respectively. S. marcescens spp. were sensitive to amikacin, norfloxacin, imipenem, ciprofloxacin and gentamicin 95.74%, 91.49%, 88.89%, 82.22% respectively. S. liquefaciens spp. were sensitive to amicasin, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin and tetracycline 100% and ceftriaxone 92.86%. S. plymutica spp. were sensitive to ticarcilin and ampicilin sulbactam 80%, ticarcilline-clavulanic acid and ciprofloxacin 60%. Conclusion: Serratia species especially play a role at the infections of pediatric age group. They cause mainly urinary tract and wound infection and sepsis. According to the antimicrobial susceptibility tests we performed; Serratia spp. were found generally susceptible to amikacin, imipenem, ciprofloxacin ve gentamyicin.

Aim: Complete repair of Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) with small pulmoner valve annulus needs transannular patch. The resultant pulmonary regurgitation may lead to ventricular dysfunction. The aim of our study is to review our experience with complete repair of TOF requiring transannular patching. Methods: Between May 2000 and March 2005, 20 patients with TOF underwent complete repair vsing transannular patch at the Yuzuncu Yıl University and Van Yüksek Ihtisas Hospitals. There were 11 female and 9 male patients aging between 3-24 years. Results: All patients were diagnosed preoperatively by echocardiography and cardiac catheterization. After complete repair using transannular patch graft, there was a significant improvement in the functional class. There were no deaths. Conclusion: We recommend that, when there is no contraindication; all patients with TOF should have total correction regardless of the age. Transannular patching can yield excellent results in short and mid-term.

Aim: Candida species that are resistant to antifungal drugs grow up due to the widespread use of antifungal agents. In this study, it was aimed to determine the types of candida species isolated from various clinical samples, and to investigate the antifungal susceptibility of these isolates. Methods: Distribution of candida species, isolated from clinical samples that have been received between January 2004 and December 2004 in the Laboratory of the Microbiology Department of Gaziantep University Medical School were investigated together with antifungal susceptibility of these isolates. Results: Candida species were isolated from 102 clinical samples that included 26 (25.6%) blood, 33 (32.4%) urine, 4 (3.9%) wound swab, 9 (8.8%) sputum, 2 (1.9%) feces, 6 (5.9%) stomach fluid, 18 (17.6%) vaginal secretion, and 4 (3.9%) drain fluid. Candida albicans was the most commonly isolated species (56.8%), followed by C. tropicalis (7.7%) and C. sake (6.8%). C. parapsilosis was the second most common isolate (19%) in blood. C. albicans was found to be 100% sensitive to flucytosine. Amphotericin B was the antifungal agent that all species were most sensitive (97,6%). Isolates had the highest resistance rate to miconazole (8.4%) than those of others. C. albicans isolated from vaginal samples were most sensitive to nystatine (60%). Conclusion: We found an increased rate of non-albicans isolates in candida infections, and a relatively higher resistance in these species. We conclude that the isolation of candida species in candida infections may be helpful for the efficacy of the antifungal treatment and for prevention of the development of antifungal resistance.

Aim: This study was aimed to evaluate the susceptibility of Enterococcus species and Streptococcus pyogenes to fusidic acid and some other antimicrobial agents using Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. Method: In this study, 85 Enterococcus faecalis, 7 Enterococcus faecium ve 25 Streptococcus pyogenes isolates that were identified in microbiological laboratory of Duzce Medical Faculty and Izzet Baysal Medical Faculty of Abant Izzet Baysal University between the years of 2003 and 2005, were studied. The susceptibility of isolates to fusidic acid and to some other antibiotics was investigated by using Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. Results: Six (7%) Enterococcus species that were assessed in this study were found to be susceptible to fusidic acid, 38 (41%) strains showed intermediate susceptibility. Forty eight (%52) enterococcus isolates were resistant to fusidic acid. Of the Streptococcus pyogenes species, 6 isolates (%64) were susceptible to fusidic acid, 7 (%28) showed intermediate susceptibility, and 2 (%8) isolates were resistant to fusidic acid. Conclusion: Our results indicate that fusidic acid may not be an alternative treatment modality in enterococcal infections since the susceptibility was found to be low in these species. Further studies with larger series may be helpful to investigate the effectiveness of fusidic as an alternative therapy in Streptococcus pyogenes infections.

Aim: Penile fracture, tears of tunica albuginea, can occur during sexual intercourse or apparentl self inflicted during masturbation, striking on the erected penis, or falling on the penis. This injury should be surgically corrected. The etiology and possible posoperatuar complications of penile fracture surgery was discussed. Methods:Ten patients with the complaints of acute and severe penile pain, swelling, colour change and having the diagnosis of penile fracture between 1995 and 2004, were retrospectively evaluated. Results: Blunt trauma was the causative effect in all patients except one. Four cases were during sexual activity, two cases were during masturbation, two cases due to the rolling onto penis, and one case was due to the hit of an object (trapdoor) The last two cases had urethral injury and were presented with haematuria. All of the patients were undergone surgery for tunica albuginea tear. During the follow up period (mean 24 months, range 8 –32) no erectile dysfunction and/or penile curvature preventing sexual intercourse were not seen. Conclusion: In the manegement of the penile fracture, surgery is succesful and safe option with low complications rates.

Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis (PCI) is a rare condition. it is Generally associated with other diseases. In this report, we presented a 50 year-old-women with PCI. She has suffered from epigastric discomfort and neause lasting for the 10 years. In the physical examination there was about 5 cm diamater umblical hernia. There was free gas in the subdiafragmatic space on CT. She was operated on as a patient with umblical hernia.

Nasal polyposis is an important entity that differencial diagnosis must be done in case of nasal blockage. Beside nasal blockage complains like post nasal drip, rhinorrhea, loss of sense of smell and taste and fascial pain can be found at the patients. Polyps can easily be diagnosed with endoscopic examination. There have been many number of theories put forward for the pathogenesis of polyp formation. All theories about nasal polyp pathogenesis are depend on mucosal eudema. Mucosal eudema occurs seconderaly to the pathologies like allergy, inflammation of nose, contact of mucosal surfaces, chronic infections, vasomotor imbalance of nasal mucosa and this eudematous mucosa prolapse to the nasal cavity by the effect of gravity. Especially anatomical variations like paradoxical middle turbinate, over-pneumatized ethmoid bulla that obstruct ostiomeatal region cause nasal polyps. Many studies on nasal polyp pathogenesis have been described. The common findings of polyp histopathology are infiltration of eosinophils and mast cells degranulation. However there is an infiltration of lymphocytes, basophils and macrophages. Mucosal changes like squamous methaplasia, secretuar hyperplasia and epithelial cell proliferation can be seen by the effect of chemical mediators released from inflammatory cells. Treatment of nasal polyposis is medical and/or surgical management. The common drugs are corticosteroids by their antiinflammatory effects. Systemic and topical corticosteroids have positive effects like decreasing size of polyps, decreasing eudema, relieving the symptoms and decreasing postoperative recurrences. When conventional medical therapy fails, surgical treatment of nasal polyposis can be envisioned. Endoscopic sinus surgery is most common and effective technique in recent years. In this technique all diseased sinuses are opened and all pathologic mucosas with polyp tissues are removed. Recurrences of nasal polyps are common. For this reason, postoperative medical treatment must be continued adequate time.