Aim: Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) has been known to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS). IAA causes renal dysfunction, hypoglycemia, and myotonia. In this study, the effect of ındule-3-acelic acid on mice catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities in the kidneys the second generation were investigated. Methods: Female mice (Mus musculus) were divided into 3 groups. For mating, two females and one male were held in a steinless steel cage. IAA was intraperitoneally administrated to maternal mice as 1/40 dilution of 300 mg/kg body weight in 3 day intervals. As controls, ethanol and serum physiologic were administrated. This experimental treatment was carried out for over 2 generations. Spectrophotometric methods were used to determine the activities of above-mentioned enzymes in the kidney tissue. Results: In the second generation of IAA administrated mice, CAT activity was found to be lower than control ethanol group (p<0.002). There was no significant difference in the SOD and GSH-Px activities among IAA, control ethanol, and control serum physiologic groups. Conclusion: As a result, we can say that the CAT was affected negatively from IAA toxicity.

Hepatoprotective activity of anise (Pimpinella anisum) and anti-oxydant agent Vitamin C, E was studied in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced acute liver injury model in rats. The findings were suggested that Vitamin C and E have strongly hepatoprotective effects of anise oil has a negative effect in liver functions. Whereas the changes in body weights of the rats in each study group were in accord with the biochemical and post-mortem histopathological findings. Vitamin C and E resulted in decreased levels of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). AST, ALT, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and indirect bilirubin levels were changed positively in Vitamin C and E group and negatively in anise group and there are statistical differences between study and both placebo and CCl4 groups. The results of the study clearly indicate that anise, has not a potent hepatopropective effect against carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced hepatic damage in rats.

Aim: The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of a single dose of the EMLA cream with benzydamine hydrochloride for efficiency of analgesia, costs, hemodynamic effects and side effects during intravenous cannulation in adult patients. Method: A hundred ASA I-III adult patients, aged between 18-60 years were randomly, double blind placed in two groups. In the first group, EMLA cream was topically applied for dermal anesthesia, and in the second group, benzydamine hydrochloride gel was topically applied for dermal anesthesia one hour before intravenous cannulation. The pain was evaluated with VAS during cannula insertion. The hemodynamic changes and side effects were recorded. Results: The EMLA group’s VAS scores were significantly lower than benzydamine group (p<0.01). When compared to blood pressures in both groups, the systolic blood pressures were significantly higher at first, third, fourth and sixth minute after cannulation, and mean blood pressures were significantly higher at sixth minute in benzydamine group (p<0.05). In both groups, there were not significant differences the blood pressures and heart rates compared to control values after intravenous cannulation. In EMLA Group, fadeness and numbness were significantly higher (p<0.05). There were not significant differences in view of other side effects. Conclusion: As a reselt although benzydamine hydrochloride gel has got less analgesic efficiency than EMLA cream, it provided analgesia in the greater part of the patients, in addition, its cost is cheaper than EMLA. Therefore, we suggested that, it may be an alternative to EMLA cream for intravenous cannulation.

Poisoning is an important health problem which is frequently seen. It may be mortal. Acute poisoning has cause of a potentially hazardous outcome, and 3-5% of these patients require intensive care. The aim of this retrospective study was to analyses the demographic properties of poisoned patients, type of poison, and clinical outcome of poisoned patients. In this study, poisoned patients admitted to the reanimation unit were investigated retrospectively in last four years. 73 patients were reviewed. Fourty of them were female and 33 of them were male. The mean age for the females and males were 26 and 28 respectively. Three patients (4.1%) were poisoned by carbon monoxide, 3 patients (4.1%) were poisoned with food and mushrooms, 6 patients (8.2%) have methyl alcohol, 24 patients (32.9%) were poisoned with organophosphates, 34 patients (46.6%) were taken different medicines in toxic doses, and 3 patients (4.1%) were categorised as others. There was not any patient died with corbon monoxide and single drug overdose poisoning, but, 3 patients with methyl alcohol (50%), 2 patients with food or mushroom (66.6%), 4 patients with organophosphate (16.6%), one patient with combined drug overdose (16.6%), and 2 patients with unknown poisoning (66.6%) were died. In conclusion, patients admitted to reanimation unit with acute poisoning have especially young and female population. Majority of them were over drug users. Unknown poisoning, combined drug overdose, and methyl alcohol were mostly associated with mortality.

In this study, anaerobic bacteria recovered from the samples which were sent to our Clinical Microbiology Laboratory between January, 2002 and December, 2002 were evaluated according to their strains, where they were isolated from and antibiotic susceptibilities. Results: A total of 238 samples were obtained from various clinics during the study period and anaerobic bacteria were recovered from 67 of the samples. 28 (41.8 %) of the isolated 67 anaerobic bacteria were identified as Ruminococcus productus and accepted as members of the normal flora. The other 39 anaerobic bacteria were accepted as pathogens. These pathogen bacteria were isolated from samples of blood (11), abscess (10), vagina (6), peritoneal fluid (4), ear (3), pleural fluid (2), endometrium (2) and lung abscess. The isolated anaerobic bacteria were Actinomyces israelii (14), Propionibacterium acnes (9), Propionibacterium granulosum (1), Bacteroides ovatus (2), Bacteroides distasonis (2), Eubacterium rectale (1), Porphyromonas asaccharolyticus (1), Lactobacillus fermentans (2), Fusobacterium varium (1), Prevotella intermedia (2), Prevotella oralis (1), Prevotella ruminicola (2), Peptostreptococcus spp.(2). As a result of the antimicrobial susceptibility tests performed on the isolated anaerobic bacteria the resistance rates were as follows; chloramphenicol 12.8 %, cefoxitin 33.3 %, tetracycline 35.9 %, cefotaxime 38.4 %, carbenicillin 48.7 %, clindamycin 56.4 % and metronidazole 94.9 %. The most frequent anaerobic bacteria isolated from various samples were detected as Actinomyces israelii (35.9 %) and Propionibacterium acnes (23.1 %) and the most effective antimicrobials were chloramphenicol (87.2 %) and cefoxitin (66.7 %).

Aim: The main aim of this clinical study was to carry out a comparison of off-pump and on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting with regard to perioperative morbidity and prognosis in low risk patients with lesions in the left anterior descending coronary artery, alone or associated with the right coronary artery. Method: The study patients were grouped into those who underwent off-pump and those who underwent on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting. In the on-pump group, there were 24 male and 6 female patients ranging in age between 40 and 70 with a mean age of 56,25,1 years. In the off-pump group, there were 27 male and 5 female patients ranging in age between 42 and 67 with a mean age of 57,22.1 years. In two patients, the operation started as off-pump procedure but because of hemodynamic instability or lack of adequate exposure due to intramyocardial and thin LAD it was converted to an on-pump procedure; these two patients were excluded from the study. Preoperative clinical characteristics were similar in both groups. Results: Postoperative drainage, duration of mechanical ventilation and blood transfusion requirements were significantly less in the off-pump group. Additionally, there was a significant reduction in creatine phosphocinase of myocardial bandle (CK-MB) release in patients undergoing off-pump procedure when compared to that performed on on-pump. The incidence of postoperative atrial fibrillation was similar in both groups. Conclusion: The off-pump myocardial revascularization procedure revealed the same safety and efficiency of the on-pump procedure.

Aim: The purpose of our study was to assess outcome of patients with perimembranous ventricular septal defect after surgical closure. Methods: Between January 2000 and March 2004, 20 patients with perimembranous ventricular septal defect underwent surgical repair via right atriotomy and septal tricuspid leaflet temporary detachment in our hospital. There were 7 female and 13 male patients, ranging in age from 2 to 27 years with a mean age of 10.05±7.11 years. Results: There were no early or late deaths. The ventricular septal defect was repaired with a Dacron patch graft in all patients. Additional procedures were performed in 3 patients, including closure of patent foramen ovale in 1 patient, mitral valve replacement in 1, and closure of patent foramen ovale and enlargement of right ventricular outflow tract in 1. Conclusion: Detachment of the septal leaflet of the tricuspid valve to expose the ventricular septal defect is an effective and safe technique that allows rapid closure of the defect.

Although there is urgent thoracotomy applied cases because of hemothorax developed after trauma to thorax, simultaneously bilateral thoracotomy applied cases are very rare. In this case report, we reported a bilateral thoracotomy applied two cases with hemothorax resulted by cutting and penetrating apparatus and gunshot.